The temperature on July 28, 1861 was about 18.6 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 3.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 71%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
February 4 » American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama, delegates from six break-away U.S. states meet and form the Confederate States of America.
February 13 » Italian unification: The Siege of Gaeta ends with the capitulation of the defending fortress, effectively bringing an end of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
March 3 » Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing serfs.
May 13 » Pakistan's (then a part of British India) first railway line opens, from Karachi to Kotri.
July 21 » American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army.
July 25 » American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
Day of death January 23, 1883
The temperature on January 23, 1883 was about -3.6 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northeast. The airpressure was 78 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 89%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
January 19 » The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires, built by Thomas Edison, begins service at Roselle, New Jersey.
February 23 » Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an anti-trust law.
July 10 » War of the Pacific: Chileans led by Alejandro Gorostiaga defeat Andrés Avelino Cáceres's Peruvuan army at the Battle of Huamachuco, hastening the end of the war.
August 26 » The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa begins its final, paroxysmal, stage.
October 4 » First meeting of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow, Scotland.
October 22 » The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's Faust.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Coos van Spijk, "Family tree of Spijk and her many ancestors", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/van-spijk-stamboom/I121815.php : accessed March 5, 2026), "Johannes Roodenburg (1861-1883)".
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