The temperature on December 23, 1877 was about 4.0 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 13 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 1 » Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Empress of India.
May 6 » Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Lakota surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska.
June 15 » Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.
June 17 » American Indian Wars: Battle of White Bird Canyon: The Nez Perce defeat the U.S. Cavalry at White Bird Canyon in the Idaho Territory.
July 9 » The inaugural Wimbledon Championships begins.
July 14 » The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began in Martinsburg, West Virginia, when wages of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers were cut for the third time in a year. The strike was ended on Sept 4 by local and state militias, and federal troops.
Day of death April 23, 1941
The temperature on April 23, 1941 was between 3.1 °C and 6.3 °C and averaged 5.1 °C. There was 0.3 hours of sunshine (2%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 3, 1940 to July 27, 1941 the cabinet Gerbrandy I, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
February 23 » Plutonium is first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg.
April 27 » World War II: The Communist Party of Slovenia, the Slovene Christian Socialists, the left-wing Slovene Sokols (also known as "National Democrats") and a group of progressive intellectuals establish the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation.
June 1 » The Farhud, a massive pogrom in Iraq, starts and as a result, many Iraqi Jews are forced to leave their homes.
October 11 » Beginning of the National Liberation War of Macedonia.
October 17 » World War II: The USS Kearny becomes the first US Navy vessel to be torpedoed by a U-boat.
November 14 » World War II: The aircraft carrier HMSArk Royal sinks due to torpedo damage from the German submarineU-81 sustained on November 13.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Frans Van Gestel, "Family tree Van Gestel", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/van-gestel-stamboom/I541.php : accessed February 17, 2026), "Martinus van Gestel (1877-1941)".
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