Van der Feen/Mendels/Rowe/Hesketh Family Tree » King John I "Lackland" King of England (1166-1216)

Personal data King John I "Lackland" King of England 

• He was born on December 24, 1166 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom.
• He died on October 18, 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England, he was 49 years old.
• A child of King Henry II "Curmantle" King of England and Eleanor d'Aquitaine

Household of King John I "Lackland" King of England

(1) He has/had a relationship with Adela (Ela) de Warenne.

Child(ren):

1. Richard of Wallingford FitzRoy  ± 1186-1270

(2) He had a relationship with Clementia le Boteler.

(3) He has/had a relationship with Isabella Countess of Angoulême.

Child(ren):

1. King Henry III Plantagenet  1207-1272 
2. Richard of Cornwall Plantagenet  1209-1272 
3. Joan of England Queen of Scotland  1210-1238
4. Eleanor Plantagenet  1215-1275 

(4) He has/had a relationship with Clementia Pinel.

Child(ren):

1. Joan Plantaganet  ± 1188-1237 

(5) He has/had a relationship with Isabella of Gloucester (Isabel Avise) FitzWilliam FitzRobert.

Notes about King John I "Lackland" King of England

Abouthistory
alternate birth location details

Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

several sources also give his birth year as 1167

other possible death date ; 19 October 1216

================================================
a short summary from tudorplace website (since it does give the most "wide" summary I could find);

http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PLANTAGENET.htm#JOHN%20I%20Lackland%20PLANTAGENET%20%28King%20of%20England%29

JOHN I "Lackland" PLANTAGENET (King of England)
Born: 24 Dec 1166, Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England

Acceded: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey, London, England

Died: 18/9 Oct 1216, Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire

Buried: Worcester Cathedral

Notes: Signed the Magna Carta at Runnymede, 1215. Reigned 1199-1216. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he has lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160. King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester. It is known that Agatha Ferrers was a mistress of John, but it is only supposition that she is the mother of Joan.

Father: HENRY II PLANTAGENET (King of England)

Mother: Eleanor of Aquitaine

Married 1: Isabella FITZRICHARD (C. Gloucester) 29 Aug 1189, Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire Divorce 1199

Married 2: Isabella of Angoulême (b. 1189 - d. 31 May 1246) (dau. of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, and Alice De Courtenay) 24 Jun/Aug 1200, Bordeaux

Children:

1. HENRY III PLANTAGENET (King of England)

2. Richard PLANTAGENET (1º E. Cornwall)

3. Joan PLANTAGENET (Queen of Scotland)

4. Isabella PLANTAGENET (Empress of Germany)

5. Eleanor PLANTAGENET (C. Pembroke / C. Leicester)

Associated with: Agatha De FERRERS

Children:

6. Joan PLANTAGENET

Associated with: Clemence DAUNTSEY (wife of Henry Pinel)

Associated with: Suzanne PLANTAGENET

Children:

7. Richard FITZJOHN (B. Chilham)

Associated with: Hawise De TRACY

Children:

8. Oliver PLANTAGENET

9. Osbert GIFFORD (d. AFT 1216)

10. Geoffrey FITZROY

11. John FITZROY of Courcy (Knight or Clerk of Lincoln) (d. 1242)

12. Eudo FITZROY (d. ABT 1242)

13. Ivo FITZROY

14. Henry FITZROY

15. Richard FITZROY (Constable Wallingford Castle)

16. Matilda PLANTAGENET (Abbess of Barking)

17. Blanche (Isabella) PLANTAGENET

================================================
Wikipedia Links:

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================================================================
other links:

http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=john

http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/plantagenet_3.htm

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&;GRid=1953

http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=148

http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I1113&;tree=EuropeRoyalNobleHous

http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I91&;tree=Nixon

http://www.nndb.com/people/198/000092919/

http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p132.htm#i3961

http://www.royalist.info/execute/biog?person=106

http://thepeerage.com/p10201.htm

====================================================================
Citations / Sources:

[S4] C.F.J. Hankinson, editor, DeBretts Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, 147th year (London, U.K.: Odhams Press, 1949), page 20 . Hereinafter cited as DeBretts Peerage, 1949.

[S7] #44 Histoire de la maison royale de France anciens barons du royaume: et des grands officiers de la couronne (1726, reprint 1967-1968), Saint-Marie, Anselme de, (3rd edition. 9 volumes. 1726. Reprint Paris: Editions du Palais Royal, 1967-1968), FHL book 944 D5a; FHL microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol. 1 p. 474, vol. 6 p. 77.

[S8] Les Capétiens, 987-1328 (2000), Van Kerrebrouck, Patrick, (Villeneuve-d'Ascq [France]: P. Van Kerrebrouck, 2000), FHL book 929.244 C171v., p. 453.

[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), pages 65-66, 71. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.

[S13] #379 [7th edition, 1992] Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Who Came to America Before 1700: the Lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Some of Their Descendants (7th edition, 1992), Weis, Frederick Lewis, (7th edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, c1992), FHL book 974 D2w 1992., p. 3 line 1:26.

[S17] Plantagenet Ancestry, 2011 ed., Richardson, Douglas, (Kimball G. Everingham, editor, 2nd edition, 2011.), vol. 1 p. 23, 25.

[S18] Matthew H.C.G., editor, Dictionary of National Biography on CD-ROM (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1995). Hereinafter cited as Dictionary of National Biography.

[S22] #374 The Lineage and Ancestry of H. R. H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (1977), Paget, Gerald, (2 volumes. Baltimore: Geneal. Pub., 1977), FHL book Q 942 D22pg., vol. 1 p. 15, 17.

[S23] #849 Burke's Guide to the Royal Family (1973), (London: Burke's Peerage, c1973), FHl book 942 D22bgr., p. 195.

[S32] #150 [1879-1967] A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage, Together with Memoirs of the Privy Councillors and Knights (1879-1967), Burke, Sir John Bernard, (London: Harrison, 1879-1967), FHL book 942 D22bup., 1949 ed. preface p. ccliii.

[S37] #93 [Book version] The Dictionary of National Biography: from the Earliest Times to 1900 (1885-1900, reprint 1993), Stephen, Leslie, (22 volumes. 1885-1900. Reprint, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), FHL book 920.042 D561n., vol. 29 p. 402-416.

[S39] Medieval, royalty, nobility family group sheets (filmed 1996), Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Family History Department. Medieval Family History Unit, (Manuscript. Salt Lake City, Utah : Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1996), FHL film 1553977-1553985..

[S40] Handbook of British Chronology (1986), Fryde, E. B., editor, (Royal Historical Society guides and handbooks, no. 2. London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1986), FHL book 942 C4rg no. 2., p. 37.

[S54] #21 The complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, Cokayne, George Edward, (Gloucester [England] : Alan Sutton Pub. Ltd., 1987), 942 D22cok., vol. 3 p. 29, 430.

[S69] #2251 The Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984), Given-Wilson, Chris and Alice Curteis, (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984), FHL book 942 D5g., p. 127.

[S70] The Henry Project, Baldwin, Stewart, (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm), http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov.

[S71] Domesday Descendants, Keats-Rohan, K.S.B., (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2002), 942 D3kk., p. 231.

[S81] #125 The Royal Daughters of England and Their Representatives (1910-1911), Lane, Henry Murray, (2 voulmes. London: Constable and Co., 1910-1911), FHL microfilm 88,003., p. 58, 158.

[S84] Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, Richardson, Douglas, (Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1001 N. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. 21202, copyright 2004), p. xxviii.

[S96] Henry II (1973), Warren, Wilfred Lewis, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), JWML book DA206 W37 1973., p. 137.

[S266] #379 [7th edition, 1992] Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Who Came to America Before 1700 (7th edition, 1992), Weis, Frederick Lewis, (7th edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, c1992), FHL book 974 D2w 1992., p. 106 line 117:27, p. 134 line 153:28.

[S338] Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families (2004), Richardson, Douglas, edited by Kamball G. Everingham, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2004), FHL book 942 D5rd., p. xxviii.

[S347] Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-century Colonists: the Descent from the Later Plantagenet Kings of England, Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, and Edward III, of Emigrants from England and Wales to the North American Colonies Before 1701 (2nd ed., 1999), Faris, David, (2nd edition. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1999), FHL book 973 D2fp., p. 279 PLANTAGENET:16.

Became King of England upon the death of his brother, King Richard I, in 1199. Forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215.
King John Memorial
Birth: Dec. 24, 1167 Oxford City of Oxford Oxfordshire, England Death: Oct. 19, 1216 Newark-on-Trent Newark and Sherwood District Nottinghamshire, England

English Royalty. King of England from 1199 to 1216. John was the son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and youngest brother of Richard "the Lionheart". He married twice with the first being a political move to a distant cousin Isabel of Gloucester; this was annulled. Then he married the 12 year-old Isabella of Angouleme, who gave him three daughters and two sons. He was an educated man who loved hunting and traveling. Since Henry II did not award him land as he did his older sons, John was given the name of "Lackland". The name proved to suit him as, during his reign, he lost most of the land England had aquired earlier. John's life was characterized by double-crossing tumultuous relationships. First he allied with his brother Richard to rebel against their father; later he allied with King Philip II of France to fight Richard. He then turned on Phillip, causing England to lose Normandy. And lastly, he battled with his oldest brother's son Arthur over the right to the throne, which he ultimately acceded to after Richard's death. Many English barons and clergy thought he had poor judgment, was wicked and could not be trusted. And he was even excommunicated from the Church by Pope Innocent III. Although he did make improvements in military, taxation, and in the justice system, his faults and mistakes overshadowed any achievements. While John was in France and for the first time in history, barons made a national protest against such bad government. On June 15, 1215, John sealed the "Magna Carta", the Great Charter, which restated the rights of the Church, the barons and all in the land. Within months, John broke all of these promises, causing the Church and the barons to summon aid from France. In the midst of the French invading England, John died of dysentery leaving his nine-year-old son to become Henry III. At this point, Isabella of Angouleme was sent back to France without her very young children. King John may also be remembered as the rival of Robin Hood, the heroic outlaw in English folklore. (bio by: Linda Davis)

Family links:

Parents: Henry Plantagenet (1133 - 1189) Eleanor de Aquitaine (1123 - 1204) Spouses: Isabella of Angoulême (1188 - 1246) Isabella FitzWilliam Burgh (1165 - 1217)* Children: Richard FitzRoy* Joan of Wales (1188 - 1237)* Joan of Wales (1188 - 1237)* King Henry (1207 - 1272)* Richard of Cornwall (1209 - 1272)* Joan Plantagenet (1210 - 1238)* Isabelle Plantagenet (1214 - 1241)* Eleanor Plantagenet (1215 - 1275)* Siblings: Marie de Champagne (1145 - 1198)** Alys Talvas (1150 - ____)** Geoffrey FitzRoy Plantagenet (1152 - 1212)** William De Poitiers (1153 - 1156)* Henry Plantagenet (1155 - 1183)* Henry Plantagenet (1155 - 1183)* Mathilda Plantagenet (1156 - 1189)* Richard I (1157 - 1199)* Geoffrey II Plantagenet (1158 - 1186)* Eleanor Plantagenet (1162 - 1214)* Eleanor Of Castile (1162 - 1214)* Joan Plantagenet (1164 - 1199)* King John (1167 - 1216)* King John (1167 - 1216) William Longespée (1176 - 1226)**
Calculated relationship
Half-sibling
Burial: Worcester Cathedral Worcester City of Worcester Worcestershire, England Plot: The Choir

Maintained by: Find A Grave Record added: Jan 01, 2001 Find A Grave Memorial# 1953

Reference: Ancestry Genealogy - SmartCopy: Aug 23 2017, 13:28:09 UTC
alternate birth location details

Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

several sources also give his birth year as 1167

other possible death date ; 19 October 1216

===================================
a short summary from tudorplace website (since it does give the most "wide" summary I could find);

http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PLANTAGENET.htm#JOHN%20I%20Lackland%20PLANTAGENET%20%28King%20of%20England%29

JOHN I "Lackland" PLANTAGENET (King of England)

Born: 24 Dec 1166, Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England

Acceded: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey, London, England

Died: 18/9 Oct 1216, Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire

Buried: Worcester Cathedral

Notes: Signed the Magna Carta at Runnymede, 1215. Reigned 1199-1216. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he has lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160. King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester. It is known that Agatha Ferrers was a mistress of John, but it is only supposition that she is the mother of Joan.Father: HENRY II PLANTAGENET (King of England)

Mother: Eleanor of Aquitaine

Married 1: Isabella FITZRICHARD (C. Gloucester) 29 Aug 1189, Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire Divorce 1199

Married 2: Isabella of Angoulême (b. 1189 - d. 31 May 1246) (dau. of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, and Alice De Courtenay) 24 Jun/Aug 1200, Bordeaux

Children:

1. HENRY III PLANTAGENET (King of England)

2. Richard PLANTAGENET (1º E. Cornwall)

3. Joan PLANTAGENET (Queen of Scotland)

4. Isabella PLANTAGENET (Empress of Germany)

5. Eleanor PLANTAGENET (C. Pembroke / C. Leicester)

Associated with: Agatha De FERRERS

Children:

6. Joan PLANTAGENET

Associated with: Clemence DAUNTSEY (wife of Henry Pinel)

Associated with: Suzanne PLANTAGENET

Children:

7. Richard FITZJOHN (B. Chilham)

Associated with: Hawise De TRACY

Children:

8. Oliver PLANTAGENET

9. Osbert GIFFORD (d. AFT 1216)

10. Geoffrey FITZROY

11. John FITZROY of Courcy (Knight or Clerk of Lincoln) (d. 1242)

12. Eudo FITZROY (d. ABT 1242)

13. Ivo FITZROY

14. Henry FITZROY

15. Richard FITZROY (Constable Wallingford Castle)

16. Matilda PLANTAGENET (Abbess of Barking)

17. Blanche (Isabella) PLANTAGENET================================================

Wikipedia Links:

Afrikaans, العربية, Беларуская, Български, Bosanski, Česky, Dansk, Deutsch, Ελληνικά, English, Español, فارسی, Suomi, Français, עברית, Hrvatski, Magyar, Bahasa Indonesia, Íslenska, Italiano, 日本語, 한국어, Lietuvių, Latviešu, Македонски, Nederlands, ‪ Norsk (bokmål) ‬, Polski, Português, Română, Русский, Slovenčina, Slovenščina, Српски / srpski, Svenska, ไทย, Türkçe, Українська, 中文,

===================================================
other links:

http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=john

http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/plantagenet_3.htm

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&;GRid=1953

http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=148

http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I1113&;tree=EuropeRoyalNobleHous

http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I91&;tree=Nixon

http://www.nndb.com/people/198/000092919/

http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p132.htm#i3961

http://www.royalist.info/execute/biog?person=106

http://thepeerage.com/p10201.htm

=============================================================Citations / Sources:
[S4] C.F.J. Hankinson, editor, DeBretts Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, 147th year (London, U.K.: Odhams Press, 1949), page 20 . Hereinafter cited as DeBretts Peerage, 1949.

[S7] #44 Histoire de la maison royale de France anciens barons du royaume: et des grands officiers de la couronne (1726, reprint 1967-1968), Saint-Marie, Anselme de, (3rd edition. 9 volumes. 1726. Reprint Paris: Editions du Palais Royal, 1967-1968), FHL book 944 D5a; FHL microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol. 1 p. 474, vol. 6 p. 77.

[S8] Les Capétiens, 987-1328 (2000), Van Kerrebrouck, Patrick, (Villeneuve-d'Ascq [France]: P. Van Kerrebrouck, 2000), FHL book 929.244 C171v., p. 453.

[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), pages 65-66, 71. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.

[S13] #379 [7th edition, 1992] Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Who Came to America Before 1700: the Lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Some of Their Descendants (7th edition, 1992), Weis, Frederick Lewis, (7th edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, c1992), FHL book 974 D2w 1992., p. 3 line 1:26.

[S17] Plantagenet Ancestry, 2011 ed., Richardson, Douglas, (Kimball G. Everingham, editor, 2nd edition, 2011.), vol. 1 p. 23, 25.

[S18] Matthew H.C.G., editor, Dictionary of National Biography on CD-ROM (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1995). Hereinafter cited as Dictionary of National Biography.

[S22] #374 The Lineage and Ancestry of H. R. H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (1977), Paget, Gerald, (2 volumes. Baltimore: Geneal. Pub., 1977), FHL book Q 942 D22pg., vol. 1 p. 15, 17.

[S23] #849 Burke's Guide to the Royal Family (1973), (London: Burke's Peerage, c1973), FHl book 942 D22bgr., p. 195.

[S32] #150 [1879-1967] A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage, Together with Memoirs of the Privy Councillors and Knights (1879-1967), Burke, Sir John Bernard, (London: Harrison, 1879-1967), FHL book 942 D22bup., 1949 ed. preface p. ccliii.

[S37] #93 [Book version] The Dictionary of National Biography: from the Earliest Times to 1900 (1885-1900, reprint 1993), Stephen, Leslie, (22 volumes. 1885-1900. Reprint, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), FHL book 920.042 D561n., vol. 29 p. 402-416.

[S39] Medieval, royalty, nobility family group sheets (filmed 1996), Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Family History Department. Medieval Family History Unit, (Manuscript. Salt Lake City, Utah : Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1996), FHL film 1553977-1553985..

[S40] Handbook of British Chronology (1986), Fryde, E. B., editor, (Royal Historical Society guides and handbooks, no. 2. London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1986), FHL book 942 C4rg no. 2., p. 37.

[S54] #21 The complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, Cokayne, George Edward, (Gloucester [England] : Alan Sutton Pub. Ltd., 1987), 942 D22cok., vol. 3 p. 29, 430.

[S69] #2251 The Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984), Given-Wilson, Chris and Alice Curteis, (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984), FHL book 942 D5g., p. 127.

[S70] The Henry Project, Baldwin, Stewart, (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm), http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov.

[S71] Domesday Descendants, Keats-Rohan, K.S.B., (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2002), 942 D3kk., p. 231.

[S81] #125 The Royal Daughters of England and Their Representatives (1910-1911), Lane, Henry Murray, (2 voulmes. London: Constable and Co., 1910-1911), FHL microfilm 88,003., p. 58, 158.

[S84] Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, Richardson, Douglas, (Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1001 N. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. 21202, copyright 2004), p. xxviii.

[S96] Henry II (1973), Warren, Wilfred Lewis, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), JWML book DA206 W37 1973., p. 137.

[S266] #379 [7th edition, 1992] Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Who Came to America Before 1700 (7th edition, 1992), Weis, Frederick Lewis, (7th edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, c1992), FHL book 974 D2w 1992., p. 106 line 117:27, p. 134 line 153:28.

[S338] Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families (2004), Richardson, Douglas, edited by Kamball G. Everingham, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2004), FHL book 942 D5rd., p. xxviii.

[S347] Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-century Colonists: the Descent from the Later Plantagenet Kings of England, Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, and Edward III, of Emigrants from England and Wales to the North American Colonies Before 1701 (2nd ed., 1999), Faris, David, (2nd edition. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1999), FHL book 973 D2fp., p. 279 PLANTAGENET:16.

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King John's northern campaign 1216 - 22nd February

John is at Kinard Ferry, about six miles from Misterton

This place is now called Owston Ferry, and, as its name suggests, is a crossing-point on the Trent, in use since Roman times. If my inference is correct, there will be at minimum several hundred knights here, accompanied by sergeants, crossbowmen and other infantry ready to make the crossing today, with all their servants, horses, carts, siege train, livestock and other baggage. John's administrators have no doubt made sure that there are sufficient boats and experienced ferrymen available, but armies crossing rivers always face some risks, as John is well aware after his experience in the war of 1214 in Poitou.

Under very different circumstances, the king lost many men and much materiel, including his siege train, when he retreated across the Loire, panicked into flight by the approach of Prince Louis' army when John's Poitevin lords refused to fight with him against the oncoming French. The Trent is not as great or as dangerous a river as the Loire and John faces no hostile pursuit today, but the crossing will nevertheless need to be well-managed to prevent any losses. The river is subject to tidal bores (called the aegir) pushed down from its confluence with the Humber, requiring good timing from the ferrymen. One could forgive John for some anxiety about the process as he watches his men's embarkation.

The location is provided by today's only writ, from the patent roll. It gives letters of conduct to one of John's chamberlains to take messages to Roger de Montbegon. Montbegon had renewed his fealty to the lord King at Pontefract on 2nd January along with John de Lacy, constable of Chester. At that time he was reseised of holdings removed from him because of his treachery and rebellion. Significantly, some of those holdings included Oswardbeck (now Oswaldbeck), Clayworth, and North Wheatley, all of which are only a few miles south of Misterton and Owston Ferry. There's no immediate evidence as to whether the king has availed himself of the resources of these manors whilst he's been in this area, but it's entirely possible that the messages Robert is carrying bear some relation to these holdings, since they are in Philip Marc's, the sheriff of Nottingham's territory.

Marc long refused to return the manors to Montbegon, who, despite having surrendered to expediency and self-preservation at Pomfret, remained a senior figure in the rebel faction until well after John's death. Montbegon made his peace with the young king Henry in August 1217 but 'spent much of the next three years engaged in a bitter struggle for the recovery of his Nottinghamshire manors of Clayworth, Oswaldbeck and North Wheatley. Throughout the process he faced stubborn opposition and delaying tactics from the sheriff of Nottingham ...'
https://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/roger-de-montbegon/

Perhaps the messages John is sending to this deeply intransigent man deal in some way with this ongoing dispute, as John has already been in communication with Marc this week, sending for 5000 marks from Nottingham's treasury on the 20th. Engelard de Cygogne, who was to collect this silver, may well also have brought back Marc's response to the king's enquiries about the mandated transfer of seisin, following complaints from Montbegon at the delay. The duration of the conduct suggests that Roger is now a long way away from John, perhaps in London. The 22nd is the feast of the Chair of St. Peter, a Monday in 1216.

'Robert the Chamberlain has letters of conduct lasting from the Monday in the feast of the Chair of Blessed Peter in the seventeenth year of the lord King's reign, for one month, in going as messenger to Roger de Montbegon. Witness the King, at Kinard Ferry, the twenty-second day of February, in the aforesaid year.'

King John's northern campaign 1216 - 23rd February

Kinard Ferry to Lincoln, about 27 miles

The Trent crossing went well and the lord King and his mounted escort have made good speed from Kinard ahead of the main column. He and his senior men will perhaps be wined and dined by the formidable and firmly loyal Nicholaa de la Haye tonight at the castle, though it will not be so much a welcome arrival for some of the elite townsmen, many of whom oppose John. No doubt they will keep their mouths shut whilst the king is there. Chancery business is back to normal. In the close roll there are a few standard landgrants but the only letter of interest is this one, ordering the Queen's wine.

'The King to the Provosts of Southampton, greetings. We command that immediately upon seeing these letters you send to Bristol two tuns of white wine for our wife the lady Queen's use,. The costs you incur in buying the wine and for its carriage to Bristol will be credited to you at the Exchequer. Witness myself, at Lincoln, the twenty-third day of February, in the seventeenth year of our reign.'

There are also a few patent writs, all letters of conduct or safe conduct, with, once again, Agatha Trussebut, William d'Aubigny's wife, given a further extension of her safe conduct for her continuing quest to raise her husband's ransom - which must be more difficult now that his lands have been taken into the king's hand.

'Agatha Trussebut, wife of William d'Aubigny, and all those whom she takes with her, have letters of safe conduct lasting from Ash Wednesday until Mid-Lent, in the seventeenth year of the lord King's reign.
Simon de Roppel similarly has letters of conduct lasting until the Lord's Day next after the day of Ashes.
At Lincoln, the twenty-third day of February, in the seventeenth year of our reign.'

Ralph de Mortimer was the brother of Hugh de Mortimer, baron of Wigmore in the Welsh March, succeeding to the title in 1227 when Hugh died without issue. The family were powerful and turbulent marcher lords and Ralph's presence in this conduct clearly implies his attachment to the rebel faction, though brother Hugh seems to have been a royalist. As to the others, Wace may be a member of the knightly Wake family but I've been unable to find a Guy or Guido amongst them. Their travelling to Brewer may indicate that they are currently in the south-east, where Brewer governs on the king's behalf. The link here is to Paul Martin Remfry's essay on Wigmore and the Mortimers.
http://www.castles99.ukprint.com/Essays/England/Midlands/wigmore.html

'Guido Wace, Ralph de Mortimer, John Gobot and those of their people they will take with them have letters patent of the lord King in their coming to William Brewer to discuss with him the making of a fine with the lord King, to have the peace of the lord King and to make surety to the lord King of their loyal service. This conduct to last until Mid-Lent, in the seventeenth year of the lord King's reign.'
'Moreover, John Gobot has letters of conduct for himself, lasting until Mid-Lent, as aforesaid. Witness as above.'

Today is Shrove Tuesday in 1216, with Ash Wednesday tomorrow, the 'dies Cinerum', day of ashes, mentioned in the letters today. Mid-Lent is the fourth Sunday in Lent (Quadragesima = Lent) after Shrove Tuesday.

Finally in the rolls today, more birds - goshawks belonging to the rebel Simon de Kyme, whose son Philip is currently rotting in a royal prison after his capture at Rochester. All the Kyme lands in Lincolnshire were given to Geoffrey de Neville, John's chamberlain and governor in Yorkshire, on 8th February. The birds are clearly part of the spoils.

'The bearers of the lord King's letters patent travelling for the two goshawks which were Simon de Kyme's have letters of conduct in their coming to the lord King with those goshawks. Witness the King, at Lincoln, the twenty-third day of February, in the seventeenth year of the lord King's reign.'

Though John will not yet be aware of it, there's been an event in London that means one fewer senior rebel to contend with. Geoffrey de Mandeville, one of John's most bitter enemies has died in London, either today, or perhaps yesterday. Ralph of Coggeshall states this was in a joust (in the normal way we understand that term) but the Anonymous de Bethune is more explicit and describes the melee as a bohort, using the verb bouhourder, which can mean something like making a noisy disturbance or, by extension, combat between groups of knights using sticks or clubs, untipped lance poles (hence the 'truncheon' mentioned) or other non-lethal weaponry.

It was a very popular pastime - the Lionheart took it very seriously indeed - but was not the full tournament as we imagine it, much more like touch-rugby rather than the full violence, but still dangerous. Mandeville wore no padded garment to absorb blows, was hit hard, and died. Tournaments were not permitted in Lent, so Ralph probably means either Shrove Tuesday or the Monday befor

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Timeline King John I "Lackland" King of England

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