Tree of René » Petronella Rutgersdotter (1791-1861)

Christening day May 15, 1791

• The temperature on May 15, 1791 was about 14.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: zeer betrokken. Source: KNMI
• Erfstadhouder Prins Willem V (Willem Batavus) (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1751 till 1795 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden)
• In the year 1791: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 2 » Big Bottom massacre in the Ohio Country, North America, marking the beginning of the Northwest Indian War.
  • March 2 » Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris.
  • July 17 » Members of the French National Guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing scores of people.
  • August 21 » A Vodou ceremony, led by Dutty Boukman, turns into a violent slave rebellion, beginning the Haitian Revolution.
  • September 5 » Olympe de Gouges writes the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen.
  • December 4 » The first edition of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published.

Day of marriage November 20, 1812

• The temperature on November 20, 1812 was about 3.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northeast. Weather type: half bewolkt sneeuw. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1812: Source: Wikipedia
  • March 19 » The Cortes of Cádiz promulgates the Spanish Constitution of 1812.
  • May 18 » John Bellingham is found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging for the assassination of British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval.
  • July 12 » The American Army of the Northwest briefly occupies the Upper Canadian settlement at what is now at Windsor, Ontario.
  • September 15 » The Grande Armée under Napoleon reaches the Kremlin in Moscow.
  • September 18 » The 1812 Fire of Moscow dies down after destroying more than three-quarters of the city. Napoleon returns from the Petrovsky Palace to the Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
  • November 18 » Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Krasnoi ends in French defeat, but Marshal of France Michel Ney's leadership leads to him becoming known as "the bravest of the brave".

Day of death October 22, 1861

• The temperature on October 22, 1861 was about 17.2 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 3.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 70%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
• From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
• In the year 1861: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • March 4 » The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Stars and Bars") is adopted.
  • March 20 » An earthquake destroys Mendoza, Argentina.
  • April 27 » American President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus.
  • May 6 » American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union.
  • September 17 » Argentine Civil Wars: The State of Buenos Aires defeats the Argentine Confederation at the Battle of Pavón.
  • October 24 » The first transcontinental telegraph line across the United States is completed.

Day of burial October 27, 1861

• The temperature on October 27, 1861 was about 4.5 °C. The air pressure was 2.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
• From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
• In the year 1861: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • April 20 » American Civil War: Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia.
  • June 8 » American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union.
  • August 19 » First ascent of Weisshorn, fifth highest summit in the Alps.
  • August 29 » American Civil War: The Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries gives Federal forces control of Pamlico Sound.
  • October 1 » Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management is published, going on to sell 60,000 copies in its first year and remaining in print until the present day
  • December 26 » American Civil War: The Trent Affair: Confederate diplomatic envoys James Murray Mason and John Slidell are freed by the United States government, thus heading off a possible war between the United States and the United Kingdom.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1847 » Sahle Selassie, Ethiopian ruler (b. 1795)
• 1853 » Juan Antonio Lavalleja, Uruguayan general and politician, President of Uruguay (b. 1784)
• 1859 » Louis Spohr, German violinist and composer (b. 1784)
• 1883 » George Coulthard, Australian cricketer and footballer (b. 1856)
• 1883 » Thomas Mayne Reid, Irish-American soldier and author (b. 1818)
• 1885 » Lewis Majendie, English politician (b. 1835)