The temperature on April 1, 1860 was about 10.5 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 18 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 68%. Source: KNMI
From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
March 24 » Sakuradamon Incident: Assassination of Japanese Chief Minister (Tairō) Ii Naosuke.
May 18 » Abraham Lincoln wins the Republican Party presidential nomination over William H. Seward, who later becomes the United States Secretary of State.
June 23 » The United States Congress establishes the Government Printing Office.
June 30 » The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
October 26 » The Expedition of the Thousand ends when Giuseppe Garibaldi presents his conquests to King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia.
December 29 » The launch of HMSWarrior, with her combination of screw propeller, iron hull and iron armour, renders all previous warships obsolete.
Day of death March 4, 1943
The temperature on March 4, 1943 was between -0.7 °C and 10.2 °C and averaged 4.6 °C. There was 5.1 hours of sunshine (46%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east-southeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
July 5 » World War II: German forces begin a massive offensive against the Soviet Union at the Battle of Kursk, also known as Operation Citadel.
July 12 » German and Soviet forces engage in one of the largest armored engagements of all time.
October 6 » World War II: Thirteen civilians are burnt alive by a paramilitary group in Crete.
November 5 » World War II: Bombing of the Vatican.
November 23 » World War II: The Deutsche Opernhaus on Bismarckstraße in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg is destroyed. It will eventually be rebuilt in 1961 and be called the Deutsche Oper Berlin.
December 15 » World War II: The Battle of Arawe begins during the New Britain campaign.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Murphy Torn, "Family tree Torn", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/torn-stamboom/P7357.php : accessed January 4, 2026), "Viola Louk (1860-1943)".
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