The temperature on March 30, 1857 was about 6.4 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The atmospheric humidity was 91%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
January 24 » The University of Calcutta is formally founded as the first fully fledged university in South Asia.
March 6 » The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.
July 27 » Indian Rebellion: Sixty-eight men hold out for eight days against a force of 2,500 to 3,000 mutinying sepoys and 8,000 irregular forces.
August 24 » The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.
September 11 » The Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
October 24 » Sheffield F.C., the world's oldest association football club still in operation, is founded in England.
Day of marriage November 13, 1895
The temperature on November 13, 1895 was about 7.7 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
January 13 » First Italo-Ethiopian War: the war's opening battle, the Battle of Coatit, occurs; it is an Italian victory.
February 1 » Fountains Valley, Pretoria, the oldest nature reserve in Africa, is proclaimed by President Paul Kruger.
March 19 » Auguste and Louis Lumière record their first footage using their newly patented cinematograph.
June 11 » Paris–Bordeaux–Paris, sometimes called the first automobile race in history or the "first motor race", takes place.
June 20 » The Kiel Canal, crossing the base of the Jutland peninsula and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, is officially opened.
October 4 » Horace Rawlins wins the first U.S. Open Men's Golf Championship.
Day of death May 15, 1937
The temperature on May 15, 1937 was between 10.2 °C and 16.3 °C and averaged 12.5 °C. There was 12.5 mm of rain during 9.2 hours. There was 0.7 hours of sunshine (4%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
May 21 » A Soviet station, North Pole-1, becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the drift ice of the Arctic Ocean.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: Sovereign Council of Asturias and León is proclaimed in Gijón.
November 8 » The Nazi exhibition Der ewige Jude ("The Eternal Jew") opens in Munich.
December 9 » Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: Japanese troops under the command of Lt. Gen. Asaka Yasuhiko launch an assault on the Chinese city of Nanjing (Nanking).
December 13 » Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: The city of Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese. This is followed by the Nanking Massacre, in which Japanese troops rape and slaughter hundreds of thousands of civilians.
December 16 » Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe attempt to escape from the American federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay; neither is ever seen again.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Murphy Torn, "Family tree Torn", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/torn-stamboom/P3102.php : accessed January 4, 2026), "Paulus Steenbakker (1857-1937)".
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