January 21 » After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, Louis XVI of France is executed by guillotine.
March 1 » French Revolutionary War: Battle of Aldenhoven during the Flanders Campaign.
September 5 » French Revolution: The French National Convention initiates the Reign of Terror.
October 15 » Queen Marie Antoinette of France is tried and convicted, and condemned to death the following day.
December 18 » Surrender of the frigate La Lutine by French Royalists to Lord Samuel Hood; renamed HMSLutine, she later becomes a famous treasure wreck.
December 25 » General "Mad Anthony" Wayne and a 300 man detachment identify the site of St. Clair's 1791 defeat by the large number of unburied human remains at modern Fort Recovery, Ohio.
Day of marriage December 31, 1816
The temperature on December 31, 1816 was about 5.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south east. Weather type: betrokken mist regen. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 9 » Humphry Davy tests his safety lamp for miners at Hebburn Colliery.
February 20 » Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville premieres at the Teatro Argentina in Rome.
June 19 » Battle of Seven Oaks between North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company, near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
July 27 » Seminole Wars: The Battle of Negro Fort ends when a hot shot cannonball fired by US Navy Gunboat No. 154 explodes the fort's Powder Magazine, killing approximately 275. It is considered the deadliest single cannon shot in US history.
August 5 » The British Admiralty dismisses Francis Ronalds's new invention of the first working electric telegraph as "wholly unnecessary", preferring to continue using the semaphore.
August 14 » The United Kingdom formally annexes the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, administering the islands from the Cape Colony in South Africa.
Day of death November 9, 1869
The temperature on November 9, 1869 was about 5.9 °C. There was 7 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 94%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
May 4 » The Naval Battle of Hakodate is fought in Japan.
June 27 » The Republic of Ezo on the island of Hokkaido ends after being defeated by Japanese Imperial troops.
August 16 » Battle of Acosta Ñu: A Paraguayan battalion made up of children is massacred by the Brazilian Army during the Paraguayan War.
October 5 » The Saxby Gale devastates the Bay of Fundy region in Canada.
November 11 » The Victorian Aboriginal Protection Act is enacted in Australia, giving the government control of indigenous people's wages, their terms of employment, where they could live, and of their children, effectively leading to the Stolen Generations.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Henk Toering, "Toering", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/toering-stamboom/I80.php : accessed February 27, 2026), "Roelof Jans Scholten (1793-1869)".
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