Todd's of Scotland » Margaret Todd (1828-1886)

Day of marriage September 4, 1854

• The temperature on September 4, 1854 was about 14.7 °C. The atmospheric humidity was 90%. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In the year 1854: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • February 7 » A law is approved to found the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Lectures started October 16, 1855.
  • February 17 » The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Orange Free State.
  • June 10 » The United States Naval Academy graduates its first class of students.
  • July 28 » USSConstellation(1854), the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy and now a museum ship in Baltimore Harbor, is commissioned.
  • October 6 » In England the Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead leads to 53 deaths and hundreds injured.
  • December 8 » In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was conceived free of Original Sin.

Day of death March 15, 1886

• The temperature on March 15, 1886 was about -3.3 °C. The air pressure was 8 kgf/m² and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 88%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
• In the year 1886: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.5 million citizens.
  • February 23 » Charles Martin Hall produced the first samples of aluminium from the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, after several years of intensive work. He was assisted in this project by his older sister, Julia Brainerd Hall.
  • April 8 » William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.
  • June 10 » Mount Tarawera in New Zealand erupts, killing 153 people and burying the famous Pink and White Terraces. Eruptions continue for three months creating a large, 17km long fissure across the mountain peak.
  • June 30 » The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal, Quebec. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4.
  • August 31 » The 7.0 M_w  Charleston earthquake affects southeastern South Carolina with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Sixty people killed with damage estimated at $5–6 million.
  • November 30 » The Folies Bergère stages its first revue.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1849 » Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal and linguist (b. 1774)
• 1891 » Joseph Bazalgette, English engineer and academic (b. 1819)
• 1897 » James Joseph Sylvester, English mathematician and academic (b. 1814)
• 1898 » Henry Bessemer, English engineer and businessman (b. 1813)
• 1921 » Talaat Pasha, Ottoman politician, 281st Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1874)
• 1927 » Hector Rason, English-Australian politician, 7th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1858)