The temperature on October 25, 1857 was about 14.8 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south east. The atmospheric humidity was 88%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
January 9 » The 7.9 Mw Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).
April 18 » "The Spirits Book" by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.
May 11 » Indian Rebellion of 1857: Indian rebels seize Delhi from the British.
June 1 » Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.
July 18 » Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
September 7 » Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers slaughter most members of peaceful, emigrant wagon train.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
April 3 » American Old West: Robert Ford kills Jesse James.
June 30 » Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of U.S. President James Garfield.
September 4 » The Pearl Street Station in New York City becomes the first power plant to supply electricity to paying customers.
September 5 » The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.
September 13 » Anglo-Egyptian War: The Battle of Tel el-Kebir is fought.
September 30 » Thomas Edison's first commercial hydroelectric power plant (later known as Appleton Edison Light Company) begins operation.
Day of death August 28, 1938
The temperature on August 28, 1938 was between 9.8 °C and 23.0 °C and averaged 16.4 °C. There was 8.9 hours of sunshine (64%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south east. Source: KNMI
March 27 » Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Taierzhuang begins, resulting several weeks later in the war's first major Chinese victory over Japan.
April 30 » The animated cartoon short Porky's Hare Hunt debuts in movie theaters, introducing Happy Rabbit, an early version of Bugs Bunny.
May 25 » Spanish Civil War: The bombing of Alicante kills 313 people.
July 20 » The United States Department of Justice files suit in New York City against the motion picture industry charging violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act in regards to the studio system. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in 1948.
September 23 » The Czechoslovak army is mobilized in response to the Munich Agreement.
November 1 » Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral in an upset victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Rick Santana, "Thow/Santana Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/thow-santana-tree/P74.php : accessed May 14, 2025), "John Ironside (1857-1938)".
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