January 11 » Austrian nobility is granted freedom of religion.
January 23 » The Royal Exchange opens in London.
June 24 » Miguel López de Legazpi founds Manila, the capital of the Philippines.
August 1 » The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus is concluded, by the surrender of Famagusta.
September 7 » Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is arrested for his role in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
October 7 » The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Ottoman Navy suffers its first defeat.
March 20 » The Dutch East India Company is established.
November 8 » The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford is opened to the public.
December 11 » A surprise attack by forces under the command of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled by the citizens of Geneva. (Commemorated annually by the Fête de l'Escalade.
January 17 » England's Long Parliament passes the "Vote of No Addresses", breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.
June 1 » The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.
August 28 » The Siege of Colchester ends when Royalists Forces surrender to the Parliamentary Forces after eleven weeks, during the Second English Civil War.
October 18 » Boston Shoemakers form first American labor organization.
October 24 » The Peace of Westphalia is signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War.
December 6 » Colonel Thomas Pride of the New Model Army purges the Long Parliament of MPs sympathetic to King Charles I of England, in order for the King's trial to go ahead; came to be known as "Pride's Purge".
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Wesley Brown, "The Brown Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/the-brown-tree/P7755.php : accessed January 21, 2026), "Mark Coney (1571-1648)".
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