The temperature on August 12, 1874 was about 17.3 °C. There was 4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 12 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 63%. Source: KNMI
From July 6, 1872 till August 27, 1874 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Vries - Fransen van de Putte with the prime ministers Mr. G. de Vries Azn. (liberaal) and I.D. Fransen van de Putte (liberaal).
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
July 1 » The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale.
July 14 » The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council.
August 5 » Japan launches its postal savings system, modeled after a similar system in the United Kingdom.
October 9 » The Universal Postal Union is created by the Treaty of Bern.
November 25 » The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party consisting primarily of farmers affected by the Panic of 1873.
December 29 » The military coup of Gen. Martinez Campos in Sagunto ends the failed First Spanish Republic and the monarchy is restored as Prince Alfonso is proclaimed King of Spain.
Day of death March 13, 1968
The temperature on March 13, 1968 was between 2.3 °C and 7.2 °C and averaged 4.6 °C. There was 3.1 mm of rain during 2.7 hours. There was 0.4 hours of sunshine (3%). The almost completely overcast was. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
July 18 » Intel is founded in Mountain View, California.
August 2 » An earthquake hits Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines killing more than 270 people and wounding 261.
September 11 » Air France Flight 1611 crashes off Nice, France, killing 89 passengers and six crew.
November 11 » Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal is to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh trail, through Laos into South Vietnam.
November 22 » The Beatles release The Beatles (known popularly as The White Album).
December 26 » The Communist Party of the Philippines is established by Jose Maria Sison, breaking away from the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Wesley Brown, "The Brown Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/the-brown-tree/P6111.php : accessed February 6, 2026), "Maria Elizabeth CHALK (1874-1968)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.