The Brown Tree » Thomas CONSTABLE (1835-1888)

Day of marriage August 13, 1854

• The temperature on August 13, 1854 was about 25.1 °C. The atmospheric humidity was 53%. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In the year 1854: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • February 7 » A law is approved to found the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Lectures started October 16, 1855.
  • May 30 » The Kansas–Nebraska Act becomes law establishing the US territories of Kansas and Nebraska.
  • July 6 » In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the United States Republican Party is held.
  • October 6 » In England the Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead leads to 53 deaths and hundreds injured.
  • October 25 » The Battle of Balaclava takes place during the Crimean War. It is soon memorialized in verse as The Charge of the Light Brigade.
  • December 3 » Battle of the Eureka Stockade: More than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.

Day of death April 13, 1888

• The temperature on April 13, 1888 was about 11.3 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 6 kgf/m² and came mainly from the west. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 69%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
• In The Netherlands , there was from April 21, 1888 to August 21, 1891 the cabinet Mackay, with Mr. A. baron Mackay (AR) as prime minister.
• In the year 1888: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.5 million citizens.
  • January 13 » The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C.
  • April 3 » The first of eleven unsolved brutal murders of women committed in or near the impoverished Whitechapel district in the East End of London, occurs.
  • April 6 » Thomas Green Clemson dies, bequeathing his estate to the State of South Carolina to establish Clemson Agricultural College.
  • May 13 » With the passage of the Lei Áurea ("Golden Law"), Empire of Brazil abolishes slavery.
  • August 5 » Bertha Benz drives from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back in the first long distance automobile trip, commemorated as the Bertha Benz Memorial Route since 2008.
  • September 4 » George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak and receives a patent for his camera that uses roll film.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1868 » Tewodros II of Ethiopia (b. 1818)
• 1880 » Robert Fortune, Scottish botanist and author (b. 1813)
• 1882 » Bruno Bauer, German historian and philosopher (b. 1809)
• 1886 » John Humphrey Noyes, American religious leader, founded the Oneida Community (b. 1811)
• 1890 » Samuel J. Randall, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 33rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1828)
• 1899 » James Service, Scottish-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Victoria (b. 1823)