The temperature on April 24, 1868 was about 14.6 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 67%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
January 3 » Meiji Restoration in Japan: The Tokugawa shogunate is abolished; agents of Satsuma and Chōshū seize power.
April 7 » Thomas D'Arcy McGee, one of the Canadian Fathers of Confederation, is assassinated by a Fenian activist.
May 29 » Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia is assassinated.
September 19 » La Gloriosa begins in Spain.
November 3 » John Willis Menard (R-Louisiana) was the first African American elected to the United States Congress. Because of an electoral challenge, he was never seated.
December 11 » Paraguayan War: Brazilian troops defeat Paraguayan at the Battle of Avay.
Christening day June 12, 1870
The temperature on June 12, 1870 was about 12.3 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 83%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
February 3 » The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing voting rights to male citizens regardless of race.
July 1 » The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.
July 18 » The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility.
August 6 » Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Spicheren is fought, resulting in a Prussian victory.
September 6 » Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807.
November 1 » In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast.
Day of death July 30, 1942
The temperature on July 30, 1942 was between 9.3 °C and 21.6 °C and averaged 15.2 °C. There was 13.0 hours of sunshine (83%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north-northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
March 1 » World War II: Japanese forces land on Java, the main island of the Dutch East Indies, at Merak and Banten Bay (Banten), Eretan Wetan (Indramayu) and Kragan (Rembang).
June 4 » World War II: The Battle of Midway begins. The Japanese Admiral Chūichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island by much of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
June 8 » World War II: The Japanese imperial submarines I-21 and I-24 shell the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle.
July 1 » World War II: First Battle of El Alamein.
September 21 » The Holocaust in Poland: At the end of Yom Kippur, Germans order Jews to permanently move from Konstantynów to Biała Podlaska.
November 15 » World War II: The Battle of Guadalcanal ends in a decisive Allied victory.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Wesley Brown, "The Brown Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/the-brown-tree/P2126.php : accessed January 22, 2026), "Esther SPIEGELHALTER (1868-1942)".
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