The temperature on April 24, 1868 was about 14.6 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 67%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
January 27 » Boshin War: The Battle of Toba–Fushimi begins, between forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and pro-Imperial factions; it will end in defeat for the shogunate, and is a pivotal point in the Meiji Restoration.
February 24 » Andrew Johnson becomes the first President of the United States to be impeached by the United States House of Representatives. He is later acquitted in the Senate.
April 11 » Former shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrenders Edo Castle to Imperial forces, marking the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.
July 9 » The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.
August 13 » The 8.5–9.0 Mw Arica earthquake struck southern Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing 25,000+ deaths and a destructive basin wide tsunami that affected Hawaii and New Zealand.
November 4 » Camagüey, Cuba, revolts against Spain during the Ten Years' War.
Christening day June 12, 1870
The temperature on June 12, 1870 was about 12.3 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 83%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
January 10 » John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil.
February 15 » Stevens Institute of Technology is founded in New Jersey, USA and offers the first Bachelor of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering.
May 12 » The Manitoba Act is given the Royal Assent, paving the way for Manitoba to become a province of Canada on July 15.
August 2 » Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom.
September 3 » Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Metz begins, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory on October 23.
October 7 » Franco-Prussian War: Léon Gambetta escapes the siege of Paris in a hot-air balloon.
Day of death July 30, 1942
The temperature on July 30, 1942 was between 9.3 °C and 21.6 °C and averaged 15.2 °C. There was 13.0 hours of sunshine (83%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north-northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
January 12 » World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt creates the National War Labor Board.
June 3 » World War II: Japan begins the Aleutian Islands Campaign by bombing Unalaska Island.
June 8 » World War II: The Japanese imperial submarines I-21 and I-24 shell the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle.
September 12 » World War II: First day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge during the Guadalcanal Campaign. U.S. Marines protecting Henderson Field are attacked by Japanese troops.
September 21 » The Boeing B-29 Superfortress makes its maiden flight.
October 2 » World War II: Ocean Liner RMSQueen Mary accidentally rams and sinks HMSCuracoa, killing 337 crewmen aboard Curacoa.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Wesley Brown, "The Brown Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/the-brown-tree/P2126.php : accessed January 19, 2026), "Esther SPIEGELHALTER (1868-1942)".
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