The temperature on April 24, 1868 was about 14.6 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 67%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
March 23 » The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.
August 18 » French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium.
September 23 » Grito de Lares ("Lares Revolt") occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.
September 28 » The Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.
October 10 » The Ten Years' War begins against Spanish rule in Cuba.
December 11 » Paraguayan War: Brazilian troops defeat Paraguayan at the Battle of Avay.
Christening day June 12, 1870
The temperature on June 12, 1870 was about 12.3 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 83%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
March 16 » The first version of the overture fantasy Romeo and Juliet by Tchaikovsky receives its première performance.
July 15 » Reconstruction Era of the United States: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
July 15 » Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.
August 8 » The Republic of Ploiești, a failed Radical-Liberal rising against Domnitor Carol of Romania.
September 18 » Old Faithful Geyser is observed and named by Henry D. Washburn.
December 12 » Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the second black U.S. congressman.
Day of death July 30, 1942
The temperature on July 30, 1942 was between 9.3 °C and 21.6 °C and averaged 15.2 °C. There was 13.0 hours of sunshine (83%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north-northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
March 17 » Holocaust: The first Jews from the Lvov Ghetto are gassed at the Belzec death camp in what is today eastern Poland.
March 22 » World War II: In the Mediterranean Sea, the Royal Navy confronts Italy's Regia Marina in the Second Battle of Sirte.
June 4 » World War II: The Battle of Midway begins. The Japanese Admiral Chūichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island by much of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
July 23 » World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin.
August 15 » World War II: Operation Pedestal: The oil tanker SSOhio reaches the island of Malta barely afloat carrying vital fuel supplies for the island's defenses.
November 12 » World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal between Japanese and American forces begins near Guadalcanal. The battle lasts for three days and ends with an American victory.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Wesley Brown, "The Brown Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/the-brown-tree/P2126.php : accessed January 17, 2026), "Esther SPIEGELHALTER (1868-1942)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.