April 23 » The Munich Reinheitsgebot (regarding the ingredients of beer) takes effect in all of Bavaria.
May 8 » A group of imperial guards, led by Trịnh Duy Sản, murdered Emperor Lê Tương Dực and fled, leaving the capital Thăng Long undefended.
August 13 » The Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain is signed. Francis I of France recognizes Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, recognizes Francis's claim to Milan.
August 24 » The Ottoman Empire under Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and captures present-day Syria at the Battle of Marj Dabiq.
October 28 » Ottoman–Mamluk War: Mamluks fail to stop the Ottoman advance towards Egypt at the Battle of Yaunis Khan.
April 30 » Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.
July 6 » King Philip II of Spain, consort of Queen Mary I of England, sets out from Dover to war with France, which eventually resulted in the loss of the City of Calais, the last English possession on the continent, and Mary I never seeing her husband again.
August 10 » Battle of St. Quentin: Spanish victory over the French in the Italian War of 1551–59.
August 27 » The Battle of St. Quentin results in Emmanuel Philibert becoming Duke of Savoy.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I88917429.php : accessed May 8, 2025), "Sir William DRURY Knight (1494-1557)".
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