April 6 » Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Istanbul), which falls on May 29.
April 20 » Three Genoese galleys and a Byzantine blockade runner fight their way through an Ottoman blockading fleet a few weeks before the fall of Constantinople.
May 29 » Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II Fatih capture Constantinople after a 53-day siege, ending the Byzantine Empire.
July 17 » Battle of Castillon: The last battle of Hundred Years' War, the French under Jean Bureau defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the battle in Gascony.
October 19 » Hundred Years' War: Three months after the Battle of Castillon, England loses its last possessions in southern France.
October 28 » Ladislaus the Posthumous is crowned king of Bohemia in Prague.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I88901404.php : accessed May 2, 2025), "Sir Roger of Givendale Yorkshire WARDE (1408-1453)".
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