January 7 » French troops, led by Francis, Duke of Guise, take Calais, the last continental possession of England.
April 24 » Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the Dauphin of France, François, at Notre Dame de Paris.
July 13 » Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
October 17 » Poczta Polska, the Polish postal service, is founded.
November 17 » Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I88899459.php : accessed May 11, 2025), "Margaret OGILVIE (± 1517-1558)".
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