April 30 » Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.
July 6 » King Philip II of Spain, consort of Queen Mary I of England, sets out from Dover to war with France, which eventually resulted in the loss of the City of Calais, the last English possession on the continent, and Mary I never seeing her husband again.
August 10 » Battle of St. Quentin: Spanish victory over the French in the Italian War of 1551–59.
August 27 » The Battle of St. Quentin results in Emmanuel Philibert becoming Duke of Savoy.
April 19 » The Treaty of Frankfurt between Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor is signed.
April 27 » Re-founding of the city of Bogotá, New Granada (now Colombia), by Nikolaus Federmann and Sebastián de Belalcázar.
June 3 » Hernando de Soto claims Florida for Spain.
June 10 » Council of Trent: Pope Paul III sends out letters to his bishops, delaying the Council due to war and the difficulty bishops had traveling to Venice.
October 6 » Spain's DeSoto expedition takes over the Apalachee capital of Anhaica for their winter quarters.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I88897841.php : accessed May 1, 2025), "John BRAY (± 1480-1557)".
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