January 28 » The Edict of Torda prohibited the persecution of individuals on religious ground in John Sigismund Zápolya's Eastern Hungarian Kingdom.
March 23 » The Peace of Longjumeau is signed, ending the second phase of the French Wars of Religion.
May 2 » Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Loch Leven Castle.
May 13 » Battle of Langside: The forces of Mary, Queen of Scots, are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.
July 21 » Eighty Years' War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau.
September 23 » Spanish naval forces rout an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near Veracruz.
May 5 » King Charles I of England dissolves the Short Parliament.
August 28 » Second Bishop's War: King Charles I's English army loses to a Scottish Covenanter force at the Battle of Newburn.
October 26 » The Treaty of Ripon is signed, restoring peace between Covenanter Scotland and King Charles.
December 1 » End of the Iberian Union: Portugal acclaims as King João IV of Portugal, ending 59 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the Philippine Dynasty.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I88897233.php : accessed April 30, 2025), "Jane Joan TURNER (1553-1640)".
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