July 10 » The Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre commences with the capture of Goizueta.
August 10 » The naval Battle of Saint-Mathieu, during the War of the League of Cambrai, sees the simultaneous destruction of the Breton ship La Cordelière and the English ship The Regent.
October 19 » Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology.
October 21 » Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg.
November 1 » The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
December 27 » The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to native Indians in the New World.
April 11 » War of the League of Cambrai: French forces led by Gaston de Foix win the Battle of Ravenna.
August 10 » The naval Battle of Saint-Mathieu, during the War of the League of Cambrai, sees the simultaneous destruction of the Breton ship La Cordelière and the English ship The Regent.
October 19 » Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology.
October 21 » Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg.
November 1 » The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
December 27 » The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to native Indians in the New World.
April 20 » The sun dog phenomenon is observed over Stockholm, as later depicted in the famous painting Vädersolstavlan.
May 19 » French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships, 110 men, and Chief Donnacona's two sons (whom Cartier had kidnapped during his first voyage).
June 1 » Combined forces loyal to Charles V attack and expel the Ottomans from Tunis during the Conquest of Tunis.
June 24 » The Dominion of Münster, a radical communal Anabaptist state in the independent German city of Münster, is conquered by Franz von Waldeck, the Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Münster in a night attack.
July 6 » Sir Thomas More is executed for treason against King Henry VIII of England.
October 4 » The Coverdale Bible is printed, with translations into English by William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale.
January 7 » French troops, led by Francis, Duke of Guise, take Calais, the last continental possession of England.
April 24 » Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the Dauphin of France, François, at Notre Dame de Paris.
July 13 » Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
October 17 » Poczta Polska, the Polish postal service, is founded.
November 17 » Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I88895518.php : accessed May 1, 2025), "Thomas de WELLES (1512-1558)".
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