January 16 » The first edition of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha (Book One of Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid, Spain.
August 8 » The city of Oulu, Finland, is founded by Charles IX of Sweden.
September 27 » The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm.
November 5 » Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested.
November 8 » Robert Catesby, ringleader of the Gunpowder Plotters, is killed.
March 26 » Utrecht University is founded in the Netherlands.
April 30 » Eighty Years' War: Dutch Republic forces recapture a strategically important fort from Spain after a nine-month siege.
October 4 » Thirty Years' War: The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock.
October 28 » The Massachusetts Bay Colony votes to establish a theological college, which would later become Harvard University.
December 13 » The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the National Guard of the United States.
June 25 » Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua.
August 3 » Robert LaSalle builds the Le Griffon, the first known ship built on the Great Lakes.
November 25 » Trunajaya rebellion: After a long and logistically challenging march, the allied Mataram and Dutch troops successfully assaulted the rebel stronghold of Kediri.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I88894427.php : accessed May 1, 2025), "Sir Capt John Sidney HAWKINS (1605-1678)".
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