May 28 » The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, heading for the English Channel. (It will take until May 30 for all ships to leave port.)
May 30 » The last ship of the Spanish Armada sets sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel.
July 19 » Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.
July 29 » Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: English naval forces under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake defeat the Spanish Armada off the coast of Gravelines, France.
July 31 » The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England.
January 6 » Arauco War: The first Parliament of Quillín is celebrated, putting a temporary hold on hostilities between Mapuches and Spanish in Chile.
March 11 » Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at the Battle of Mbororé in present-day Panambí, Argentina.
August 10 » The Treaty of London between England and Scotland, ending the Bishops' Wars, is signed.
September 23 » The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure of over 100,000 pounds of gold (worth over £1 billion today), is lost at sea off Land's End.
October 24 » Felim O'Neill of Kinard, the leader of the Irish Rebellion, issues his Proclamation of Dungannon, justifying the uprising and declaring continued loyalty to King Charles I of England.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I88892316.php : accessed May 1, 2025), "Phillipa COCKMAN (1588-1641)".
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