The temperature on January 17, 1914 was between -4.4 °C and 0.4 °C and averaged -1.8 °C. There was 5.9 hours of sunshine (71%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 5 » The Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and minimum daily wage of $5 in salary plus bonuses.
April 21 » Ypiranga incident: A German arms shipment to Mexico is intercepted by the U.S. Navy near Veracruz.
August 23 » World War I: The British Expeditionary Force and the French Fifth Army begin their Great Retreat before the German Army.
August 25 » World War I: The library of the Catholic University of Leuven is deliberately destroyed by the German Army. Hundreds of thousands of irreplaceable volumes and Gothic and Renaissance manuscripts are lost.
September 1 » St. Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd.
October 19 » First World War: The First Battle of Ypres begins.
Day of marriage June 23, 1934
The temperature on June 23, 1934 was between 10.8 °C and 20.8 °C and averaged 15.1 °C. There was 11.0 hours of sunshine (66%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
March 24 » United States Congress passes the Tydings-McDuffie Act, allowing the Philippines to become a self-governing commonwealth.
March 26 » The United Kingdom driving test is introduced.
July 20 » Labor unrest in the U.S.: Police in Minneapolis fire upon striking truck drivers, during the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934, killing two and wounding sixty-seven.
July 25 » The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.
August 19 » The German referendum of 1934 approves Hitler's appointment as head of state with the title of Führer.
Day of death August 15, 1985
The temperature on August 15, 1985 was between 9.9 °C and 22.6 °C and averaged 16.1 °C. There was 10.1 hours of sunshine (69%). The partly clouded was. The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from Thursday, November 4, 1982 to Monday, July 14, 1986 the cabinet Lubbers I, with Drs. R.F.M. Lubbers (CDA) as prime minister.
July 19 » The Val di Stava dam collapses killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
July 20 » The government of Aruba passes legislation to secede from the Netherlands Antilles.
August 12 » Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashes into Osutaka ridge in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, killing 520, to become the worst single-plane air disaster.
October 1 » Israel-Palestinian conflict: Israel attacks the Palestine Liberation Organization headquarters in Tunisia during "Operation Wooden Leg".
October 30 » Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off for mission STS-61-A, its final successful mission.
November 15 » A research assistant is injured when a package from the Unabomber addressed to a University of Michigan professor explodes.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I1111.php : accessed December 24, 2025), "Alice Grace PEPPER (1914-1985)".
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