The temperature on July 22, 1861 was about 21.6 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 75%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
January 11 » American Civil War: Alabama secedes from the United States.
January 21 » American Civil War: Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate.
February 11 » American Civil War: The United States House of Representatives unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state.
April 15 » President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 Volunteers to quell the insurrection that soon became the American Civil War.
April 19 » American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
November 20 » American Civil War: A secession ordinance is filed by Kentucky's Confederate government.
Day of death April 8, 1878
The temperature on April 8, 1878 was about 11.5 °C. The air pressure was 13 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 24%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I1089.php : accessed May 11, 2025), "Sultania PEPPER (1861-1878)".
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