The temperature on January 1, 1869 was about 1.3 °C. There was 0.5 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
February 5 » The largest alluvial gold nugget in history, called the "Welcome Stranger", is found in Moliagul, Victoria, Australia.
April 28 » Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the First Transcontinental Railroad lay ten miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched.
July 10 » Gävle, Sweden, is largely destroyed in a fire; 80% of its 10,000 residents are left homeless.
August 2 » Japan's Edo society class system is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms.
August 29 » The Mount Washington Cog Railway opens, making it the world's first mountain-climbing rack railway.
October 16 » The Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous American hoaxes, is "discovered".
Day of death June 30, 1941
The temperature on June 30, 1941 was between 11.7 °C and 21.0 °C and averaged 15.0 °C. There was 7.0 hours of sunshine (42%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 3, 1940 to July 27, 1941 the cabinet Gerbrandy I, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
March 15 » Philippine Airlines, the flag carrier of the Philippines takes its first flight between Manila (from Nielson Field) to Baguio City with a Beechcraft Model 18 making the airline the first and oldest commercial airline in Asia operating under its original name.
May 1 » World War II: German forces launch a major attack during the siege of Tobruk.
May 30 » World War II: Manolis Glezos and Apostolos Santas climb the Athenian Acropolis and tear down the German flag.
July 4 » Nazi crimes against the Polish nation: Nazi troops massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lviv.
July 7 » The US occupation of Iceland replaces the UK's occupation.
August 24 » Adolf Hitler orders the cessation of Nazi Germany's systematic T4 euthanasia program of the mentally ill and the handicapped due to protests, although killings continue for the remainder of the war.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Swartz, "Swartz/Rand Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/swartz-rand-family-tree/I1069.php : accessed May 5, 2025), "Frances Ella PEPPER (1869-1941)".
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