January 11 » Austrian nobility is granted freedom of religion.
January 23 » The Royal Exchange opens in London.
June 24 » Miguel López de Legazpi founds Manila, the capital of the Philippines.
July 28 » La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country.
August 1 » The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus is concluded, by the surrender of Famagusta.
October 7 » The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Ottoman Navy suffers its first defeat.
January 16 » Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England.
April 1 » In the Eighty Years' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Seventeen Provinces, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.
July 9 » Nineteen Catholics suffer martyrdom for their beliefs in the Dutch town of Gorkum.
August 23 » French Wars of Religion: Mob violence against thousands of Huguenots in Paris results in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.
October 20 » Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the relief of Goes.
December 23 » Theologian Johann Sylvan is executed in Heidelberg for his heretical Antitrinitarian beliefs.
February 17 » On his way to be burned at the stake for heresy, at Campo de' Fiori in Rome, the philosopher Giordano Bruno has a wooden vise put on his tongue to prevent him continuing to speak.
February 19 » The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.
August 5 » The Gowrie Conspiracy against King James VI of Scotland (later to become King James I of England) takes place.
August 23 » Battle of Gifu Castle: The eastern forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu defeat the western Japanese clans loyal to Toyotomi Hideyori, leading to the destruction of Gifu Castle and serving as a prelude to the Battle of Sekigahara.
October 6 » Euridice, the earliest surviving opera, receives its première performance, beginning the Baroque period.
December 31 » The British East India Company is chartered.
July 4 » The city of Trois-Rivières is founded in New France (now Quebec, Canada).
August 18 » Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France.
September 6 » Thirty Years' War: In the Battle of Nördlingen, the Catholic Imperial army defeats Swedish and German Protestant forces.
September 12 » A gunpowder factory explodes in Valletta, Malta, killing 22 people and damaging several buildings.
October 11 » The Burchardi flood kills around 15,000 in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany.
November 11 » Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Brian K. Stephenson , "Stephenson Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stephenson-family-tree/I21424.php : accessed May 8, 2025), "Leonarde Towne (1571-1634)".
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