January 17 » England's Long Parliament passes the "Vote of No Addresses", breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.
January 30 » Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster and Osnabrück is signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain.
May 15 » The Peace of Münster is ratified, by which Spain acknowledges Dutch sovereignty.
August 8 » Mehmed IV (1648–1687) succeeds Ibrahim I (1640–1648) as Ottoman Emperor.
October 18 » Boston Shoemakers form first American labor organization.
October 24 » The Peace of Westphalia is signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War.
February 19 » England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England, and it is renamed New York.
March 14 » The Third Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of Ronas Voe results in the Dutch East India Company ship Wapen van Rotterdam being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and soldiers.
May 21 » The nobility elect John Sobieski King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
September 24 » Second Tantrik Coronation of Shivaji.
November 10 » Third Anglo-Dutch War: As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, Netherlands cedes New Netherland to England.
January 30 » The Forty-seven rōnin, under the command of Ōishi Kuranosuke, avenge the death of their master, by killing Kira Yoshinaka.
February 4 » In Edo (now Tokyo), all but one of the Forty-seven Ronin commit seppuku (ritual suicide) as recompense for avenging their master's death.
May 21 » Daniel Defoe is imprisoned on charges of seditious libel.
July 26 » During the Bavarian Rummel the rural population of Tyrol drove the Bavarian Prince-Elector Maximilian II Emanuel out of North Tyrol with a victory at the Pontlatzer Bridge and thus prevented the Bavarian Army, which was allied with France, from marching as planned on Vienna during the War of the Spanish Succession.
August 23 » Edirne event: Sultan Mustafa II of the Ottoman Empire is dethroned.
December 7 » The Great Storm of 1703, the greatest windstorm ever recorded in the southern part of Great Britain, makes landfall. Winds gust up to 120mph, and 9,000 people die.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Brian K. Stephenson , "Stephenson Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stephenson-family-tree/I15375.php : accessed May 5, 2025), "Maria Geßner Gessner (1648-1703)".
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