The temperature on April 16, 1851 was about 8.0 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 62%. Source: KNMI
This page is only available in Dutch.
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 1, 1849 to April 19, 1853 the cabinet Thorbecke I, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 11 » The first performance of Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Venice.
August 22 » The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.
September 15 » Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia.
September 18 » First publication of The New-York Daily Times, which later becomes The New York Times.
November 14 » Moby-Dick, a novel by Herman Melville, is published in the USA.
December 2 » French President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte overthrows the Second Republic.
Day of marriage July 4, 1877
The temperature on July 4, 1877 was about 20.5 °C. There was 4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 10 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 74%. Source: KNMI
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
May 8 » At Gilmore's Gardens in New York City, the first Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show opens.
May 9 » Mihail Kogălniceanu reads, in the Chamber of Deputies, the Declaration of Independence of Romania. This day became the Independence Day of Romania.
August 9 » Indian Wars: Battle of the Big Hole: A small band of Nez Percé Indians clash with the United States Army.
October 5 » The Nez Perce War in the northwestern United States comes to an end.
November 21 » Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound.
December 6 » The first edition of The Washington Post is published.
Day of death December 18, 1907
The temperature on December 18, 1907 was between -1.7 °C and 5.5 °C and averaged 2.0 °C. There was 0.5 mm of rain. There was 3.0 hours of sunshine (39%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
April 15 » Triangle Fraternity is founded at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
June 22 » The London Underground's Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway opens.
August 15 » Ordination in Constantinople of Fr. Raphael Morgan, the first African-American Orthodox priest, "Priest-Apostolic" to America and the West Indies.
August 31 » Russia and the United Kingdom sign the Anglo-Russian Convention, by which the UK recognizes Russian preeminence in northern Persia, while Russia recognizes British preeminence in southeastern Persia and Afghanistan. Both powers pledge not to interfere in Tibet.
September 7 » Cunard Line's RMSLusitania sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England, to New York City.
December 14 » The Thomas W. Lawson, the largest ever ship without a heat engine, runs aground and founders near the Hellweather's Reef within the Isles of Scilly in a gale. The pilot and 15 seamen die.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: W. Rovers, "Family tree Ro(o)vers", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom_rovers/I31771.php : accessed February 17, 2026), "Carolina Cornelia Smits (1851-1907)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.