The temperature on December 18, 1857 was about 5.5 °C. The air pressure was 3.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
April 18 » "The Spirits Book" by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.
June 1 » Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.
June 26 » The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
August 24 » The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.
September 7 » Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers slaughter most members of peaceful, emigrant wagon train.
November 16 » Second relief of Lucknow: Twenty-four Victoria Crosses are awarded, the most in a single day.
Day of marriage May 2, 1893
The temperature on May 2, 1893 was about 12.3 °C. There was 0.6 mm of rain. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 88%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
January 13 » The Independent Labour Party of the United Kingdom holds its first meeting.
January 13 » U.S. Marines land in Honolulu, Hawaii from the USSBoston to prevent the queen from abrogating the Bayonet Constitution.
January 21 » The Tati Concessions Land, formerly part of Matabeleland, is formally annexed to the Bechuanaland Protectorate, now Botswana.
July 22 » Katharine Lee Bates writes "America the Beautiful" after admiring the view from the top of Pikes Peak near Colorado Springs, Colorado.
November 1 » The Battle of Bembezi took place and was the most decisive battle won by the British in the First Matabele War of 1893.
November 28 » Women's suffrage in New Zealand concludes with the 1893 New Zealand general election.
Day of death January 1, 1938
The temperature on January 1, 1938 was between -2.6 °C and 2.8 °C and averaged 0.7 °C. There was 0.2 mm of rain. There was 1.6 hours of sunshine (20%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
March 27 » Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Taierzhuang begins, resulting several weeks later in the war's first major Chinese victory over Japan.
April 25 » U.S. Supreme Court delivers its opinion in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins and overturns a century of federal common law.
June 23 » The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States.
June 25 » Dr. Douglas Hyde is inaugurated as the first President of Ireland.
September 27 » The ocean liner Queen Elizabeth is launched in Glasgow.
October 31 » Great Depression: In an effort to restore investor confidence, the New York Stock Exchange unveils a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: W. Rovers, "Family tree Ro(o)vers", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom_rovers/I24082.php : accessed January 17, 2026), "Petronella Roovers (1857-1938)".
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