Family tree Klavers » Aaldert Klaas Smit (1814-1877)

Day of marriage August 23, 1856

• The temperature on August 23, 1856 was about 15.7 °C. There was 0.3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 5.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the north-northwest. The atmospheric humidity was 88%. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
• In the year 1856: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • January 26 » First Battle of Seattle. Marines from the USSDecatur drive off American Indian attackers after all day battle with settlers.
  • January 29 » Queen Victoria issues a Warrant under the Royal sign-manual that establishes the Victoria Cross to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War.
  • May 21 » Lawrence, Kansas is captured and burned by pro-slavery forces.
  • October 8 » The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident.
  • November 17 » American Old West: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase.
  • November 27 » The Coup of 1856 leads to Luxembourg's unilateral adoption of a new, reactionary constitution.

Day of death December 18, 1877

• The temperature on December 18, 1877 was about 7.7 °C. The air pressure was 11 kgf/m² and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 77%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
• In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1877: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.0 million citizens.
  • February 20 » Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake receives its premiere at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.
  • May 5 » American Indian Wars: Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army under Colonel Nelson Miles.
  • May 9 » A magnitude 8.8 earthquake off the coast of Peru kills 2,541, including some as far away as Hawaii and Japan.
  • June 17 » American Indian Wars: Battle of White Bird Canyon: The Nez Perce defeat the U.S. Cavalry at White Bird Canyon in the Idaho Territory.
  • November 21 » Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound.
  • December 10 » Russo-Turkish War: The Russian Army captures Plevna after a 5-month siege. The garrison of 25,000 surviving Turks surrenders. The Russian victory is decisive for the outcome of the war and the Liberation of Bulgaria.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1843 » Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch, Scottish-English general and politician (b. 1748)
• 1848 » Bernard Bolzano, Bohemian priest and mathematician (b. 1781)
• 1864 » José Justo Corro, Mexican politician and president, (1836-1837) (b. 1794)
• 1869 » Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American pianist and composer (b. 1829)
• 1880 » Michel Chasles, French mathematician and academic (b. 1793)
• 1892 » Richard Owen, English biologist, anatomist, and paleontologist (b. 1804)