The temperature on August 12, 1831 was about 23.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northwest. Weather type: omtrent helder. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 24 » The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty in accordance with the Indian Removal Act, is proclaimed. The Choctaws in Mississippi cede land east of the river in exchange for payment and land in the West.
March 29 » Great Bosnian uprising: Bosniaks rebel against Turkey.
July 21 » Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians.
August 8 » Four hundred Shawnee people agree to relinquish their lands in Ohio in exchange for land west of the Mississippi River in the Treaty of Wapakoneta.
August 29 » Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction.
December 5 » Former U.S. President John Quincy Adams takes his seat in the House of Representatives.
Day of marriage April 7, 1864
The temperature on April 7, 1864 was about 0.6 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-southeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 63%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
April 25 » American Civil War: The Battle of Marks' Mills.
May 5 » American Civil War: The Battle of the Wilderness begins in Spotsylvania County.
June 15 » American Civil War: The Second Battle of Petersburg begins.
August 17 » American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville: Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida.
August 23 » American Civil War: The Union Navy captures Fort Morgan, Alabama, thus breaking Confederate dominance of all ports on the Gulf of Mexico except Galveston, Texas.
September 18 » American Civil War: John Bell Hood begins the Franklin–Nashville Campaign in an unsuccessful attempt to draw William Tecumseh Sherman back out of Georgia.
Day of death January 18, 1913
The temperature on January 18, 1913 was between 1.0 °C and 5.7 °C and averaged 3.0 °C. There was 1.5 mm of rain. There was -0.1 hours of sunshine (0%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 19 » Pedro Lascuráin becomes President of Mexico for 45 minutes; this is the shortest term to date of any person as president of any country.
February 21 » Ioannina is incorporated into the Greek state after the Balkan Wars.
July 3 » Confederate veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913 reenact Pickett's Charge; upon reaching the high-water mark of the Confederacy they are met by the outstretched hands of friendship from Union survivors.
August 10 » Second Balkan War: Delegates from Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece sign the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the war.
September 23 » Roland Garros of France becomes the first to fly in an airplane across the Mediterranean (from St. Raphael in France to Bizerte, Tunisia).
December 1 » Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Remko Hoekstra, "Hoekstra family tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom_hoekstra/I461.php : accessed March 2, 2026), "Aaltje Kamst (1831-1913)".
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