The temperature on April 8, 1815 was about 13.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east-northeast. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
March 9 » Francis Ronalds describes the first battery-operated clock in the Philosophical Magazine.
April 10 » The Mount Tambora volcano begins a three-month-long eruption, lasting until July 15. The eruption ultimately kills 71,000 people and affects Earth's climate for the next two years.
April 23 » The Second Serbian Uprising: A second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, erupts shortly after the annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire.
June 9 » End of the Congress of Vienna: The new European political situation is set.
August 24 » The modern Constitution of the Netherlands is signed.
December 25 » The Handel and Haydn Society, oldest continually performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance.
Day of marriage January 16, 1865
The temperature on January 16, 1865 was about 2.2 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 31 » American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery and submits it to the states for ratification.
March 2 » East Cape War: The Völkner Incident in New Zealand.
March 25 » American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces temporarily capture Fort Stedman from the Union.
April 1 » American Civil War: Union troops led by Philip Sheridan decisively defeat Confederate troops led by George Pickett, cutting the Army of Northern Virginia's last supply line.
August 12 » Joseph Lister, British surgeon and scientist, performs 1st antiseptic surgery.
November 18 » Mark Twain's short story "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" is published in the New York Saturday Press.
Day of death January 8, 1906
The temperature on January 8, 1906 was between 1.1 °C and 4.4 °C and averaged 3.0 °C. There was 10.4 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
January 22 » SSValencia runs aground on rocks on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, killing more than 130.
February 10 » HMSDreadnought, the first of a revolutionary new breed of battleships is christened and launched by King Edward VII.
February 18 » Édouard de Laveleye forms the Belgian Olympic Committee in Brussels.
June 8 » Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the President to restrict the use of certain parcels of public land with historical or conservation value.
November 9 » Theodore Roosevelt is the first sitting President of the United States to make an official trip outside the country. He did so to inspect progress on the Panama Canal.
December 24 » Radio: Reginald Fessenden transmits the first radio broadcast; consisting of a poetry reading, a violin solo, and a speech.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: J. Crapts, "Family tree Crapts", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom_crapts/I5949.php : accessed May 14, 2024), "Caspar Gruters (1815-1906)".
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