May 3 » The Constitution of May 3 (the first modern constitution in Europe) is proclaimed by the Sejm of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
May 15 » French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre proposes the Self-denying Ordinance.
August 21 » A Vodou ceremony, led by Dutty Boukman, turns into a violent slave rebellion, beginning the Haitian Revolution.
August 30 » HMSPandora sinks after having run aground on the outer Great Barrier Reef the previous day.
September 30 » The first performance of Mozart's opera The Magic Flute takes place two months before his death.
December 4 » The first edition of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published.
Day of marriage June 23, 1831
The temperature on June 23, 1831 was about 20.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-northwest. Weather type: omtrent helder. Source: KNMI
This page is only available in Dutch.
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 14 » Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray and defeats and kills Dejazmach Sabagadis in the Battle of Debre Abbay.
April 12 » Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester, England, cause it to collapse.
July 4 » Samuel Francis Smith writes "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
August 21 » Nat Turner leads black slaves and free blacks in a rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, which will claim the lives of 55 to 65 whites and about twice that number of blacks.
November 11 » In Jerusalem, Virginia, Nat Turner is hanged after inciting a violent slave uprising.
November 17 » Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia.
Day of death September 18, 1861
The temperature on September 18, 1861 was about 11.1 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
March 20 » An earthquake destroys Mendoza, Argentina.
April 6 » First performance of Arthur Sullivan's debut success, his suite of incidental music for The Tempest, leading to a career that included the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas.
June 1 » American Civil War: The Battle of Fairfax Court House is fought.
October 1 » Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management is published, going on to sell 60,000 copies in its first year and remaining in print until the present day
November 7 » American Civil War: Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive.
November 7 » The first Melbourne Cup horse race is held in Melbourne, Australia.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Dirk Zwinderman, "Family tree Zwinderman", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-zwinderman/I361.php : accessed March 6, 2026), "Johannes Boelken (1791-1861)".
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