Family tree verwanten aanverwanten Zandstra/Agema » Rienk Johannes Kuipers (1795-1865)

Day of marriage July 4, 1818

• The temperature on July 4, 1818 was about 15.0 °C. Wind direction mainly north-northwest. Weather type: betrokken regen. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1818: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 15 » A paper by David Brewster is read to the Royal Society, belatedly announcing his discovery of what we now call the biaxial class of doubly-refracting crystals. On the same day, Augustin-Jean Fresnel signs a "supplement" (submitted four days later) on reflection of polarized light.
  • February 5 » Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte ascends to the thrones of Sweden and Norway.
  • April 4 » The United States Congress, affirming the Second Continental Congress, adopts the flag of the United States with 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (20 at that time).
  • April 5 » In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.
  • April 20 » The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.
  • December 13 » Cyril VI of Constantinople resigns from his position as Ecumenical Patriarch.

Day of death December 28, 1865

• The temperature on December 28, 1865 was about 3.1 °C. The air pressure was 12 kgf/m² and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1865: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • January 2 » Uruguayan War: The Siege of Paysandú ends as the Brazilians and Coloradans capture Paysandú, Uruguay.
  • January 15 » American Civil War: Fort Fisher in North Carolina falls to the Union, thus cutting off the last major seaport of the Confederacy.
  • April 4 » American Civil War: A day after Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln visits the Confederate capital.
  • June 19 » Over two years after the Emancipation Proclamation, slaves in Galveston, Texas, United States, are finally informed of their freedom. The anniversary is still officially celebrated in Texas and 41 other contiguous states as Juneteenth.
  • August 12 » Joseph Lister, British surgeon and scientist, performs 1st antiseptic surgery.
  • December 17 » First performance of the Unfinished Symphony by Franz Schubert.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1859 » Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, English historian and politician, Secretary at War (b. 1800)
• 1872 » James Van Ness, American lawyer and politician, 7th Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1808)
• 1890 » Dennis Miller Bunker, American painter (b. 1861)
• 1897 » William Corby, American priest and academic (b. 1833)
• 1900 » Alexandre de Serpa Pinto, Portuguese soldier and explorer (b. 1846)
• 1907 » Louise Granberg, Swedish playwright (b. 1812)