De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 20 » Hong Kong Island is occupied by the British.
March 9 » The U.S. Supreme Court rules in the United States v. The Amistad case that captive Africans who had seized control of the ship carrying them had been taken into slavery illegally.
March 30 » The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens.
August 16 » U.S. President John Tyler vetoes a bill which called for the re-establishment of the Second Bank of the United States. Enraged Whig Party members riot outside the White House in the most violent demonstration on White House grounds in U.S. history.
September 24 » The Sultanate of Brunei cedes Sarawak to the United Kingdom.
October 16 » Queen's University is founded in the Province of Canada.
Day of marriage April 13, 1866
The temperature on April 13, 1866 was about 17.5 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 6.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 66%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from February 10, 1866 to June 1, 1866 the cabinet Fransen van de Putte, with I.D. Fransen van de Putte (liberaal) as prime minister.
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
January 18 » Wesley College is established in Melbourne, Australia.
February 16 » Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington becomes British Secretary of State for War.
May 2 » Peruvian defenders fight off the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Callao.
June 7 » One thousand eight hundred Fenian raiders are repelled back to the United States after looting and plundering the Saint-Armand and Frelighsburg areas of Canada East.
August 20 » President Andrew Johnson formally declares the American Civil War over.
December 12 » Oaks explosion: The worst mining disaster in England kills 361 miners and rescuers.
Day of death March 12, 1912
The temperature on March 12, 1912 was between 3.1 °C and 9.1 °C and averaged 6.3 °C. There was 1.6 hours of sunshine (14%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
January 8 » The African National Congress is founded, under the name South African Native National Congress (SANNC).
April 20 » Opening day for baseball's Tiger Stadium in Detroit, and Fenway Park in Boston.
May 13 » The Royal Flying Corps, the forerunner of the Royal Air Force, is established in the United Kingdom.
October 8 » The First Balkan War begins when Montenegro declares war against the Ottoman Empire.
December 3 » Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia (the Balkan League) sign an armistice with the Ottoman Empire, temporarily halting the First Balkan War. (The armistice will expire on February 3, 1913, and hostilities will resume.)
December 28 » The first municipally owned streetcars take to the streets in San Francisco.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Frans Winkens, "Family tree Winkens", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-winkens/I18503.php : accessed June 5, 2024), "Catharina Paffen (1841-1912)".
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