The temperature on April 3, 1863 was about 7.6 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 83%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 1 » American Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in Confederate territory.
January 22 » The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to regain Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation by Russia.
May 18 » American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins.
June 17 » American Civil War: Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign.
October 14 » American Civil War: Confederate troops under the command of A. P. Hill fail to drive the Union Army completely out of Virginia.
November 29 » American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sanders: Union forces under Ambrose Burnside successfully defend Knoxville, Tennessee from Confederate forces under James Longstreet.
Day of marriage December 11, 1884
The temperature on December 11, 1884 was about 7.6 °C. There was 1 mm of rain. The air pressure was 15 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
February 1 » The first volume (A to Ant) of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
May 1 » The Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions demands the eight-hour work day in the United States.
June 16 » The first purpose-built roller coaster, LaMarcus Adna Thompson's "Switchback Railway", opens in New York's Coney Island amusement park.
July 3 » Dow Jones & Company publishes its first stock average.
October 14 » George Eastman receives a U.S. Government patent on his new paper-strip photographic film.
November 1 » The Gaelic Athletic Association is set up in Hayes's Hotel in Thurles, County Tipperary.
Day of death March 20, 1947
The temperature on March 20, 1947 was between 3.0 °C and 6.3 °C and averaged 4.4 °C. There was 3.2 mm of rain during 4.7 hours. The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
March 17 » First flight of the B-45 Tornado strategic bomber.
April 9 » United Nations Security Council Resolution 22 relating to Corfu Channel incident is adopted.
June 24 » Kenneth Arnold makes the first widely reported UFO sighting near Mount Rainier, Washington, leading to the coining of the phrase "flying saucer".
September 9 » First case of a computer bug being found: A moth lodges in a relay of a Harvard Mark II computer at Harvard University.
November 17 » American scientists John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain observe the basic principles of the transistor, a key element for the electronics revolution of the 20th century.
December 16 » William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain build the first practical point-contact transistor.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Henk Westerwal, "Family tree Westerwal", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-westerwal/I500097.php : accessed March 4, 2026), "Japke Meinderts Meinderts de Graaf (1863-1947)".
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