The temperature on October 12, 1857 was about 13.1 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
March 29 » Sepoy Mangal Pandey of the 34th Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry mutinies against the East India Company's rule in India and inspires the protracted Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.
April 18 » "The Spirits Book" by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.
June 26 » The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
July 18 » Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
September 11 » The Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
October 5 » The city of Anaheim, California is founded.
Day of marriage May 13, 1893
The temperature on May 13, 1893 was about 16.3 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 63%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
January 17 » Lorrin A. Thurston, along with the Citizens' Committee of Public Safety, led the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the government of Queen Liliʻuokalani.
January 21 » The Tati Concessions Land, formerly part of Matabeleland, is formally annexed to the Bechuanaland Protectorate, now Botswana.
July 22 » Katharine Lee Bates writes "America the Beautiful" after admiring the view from the top of Pikes Peak near Colorado Springs, Colorado.
September 16 » Settlers make a land run for prime land in the Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma.
September 28 » Foundation of the Portuguese football club FC Porto.
October 28 » Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Pathétique receives its première performance only nine days before the composer's death.
Day of death December 29, 1937
The temperature on December 29, 1937 was between -2.4 °C and 0.3 °C and averaged -1.3 °C. There was 0.4 mm of rain during 0.9 hours. The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the east-northeast. Source: KNMI
May 27 » In California, the Golden Gate Bridge opens to pedestrian traffic, creating a vital link between San Francisco and Marin County, California.
June 14 » Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.
July 22 » New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: Sovereign Council of Asturias and León is proclaimed in Gijón.
December 16 » Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe attempt to escape from the American federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay; neither is ever seen again.
December 29 » The Irish Free State is replaced by a new state called Ireland with the adoption of a new constitution.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Weening, "Family tree Weening", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-weening/I55665.php : accessed October 7, 2026), "Hendrik Botma (1857-1937)".
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