The temperature on October 12, 1857 was about 13.1 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
March 3 » Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
April 18 » "The Spirits Book" by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.
June 1 » Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.
June 26 » The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
July 18 » Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
September 12 » The SSCentral America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the California Gold Rush.
Day of marriage May 13, 1893
The temperature on May 13, 1893 was about 16.3 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 63%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
January 13 » U.S. Marines land in Honolulu, Hawaii from the USSBoston to prevent the queen from abrogating the Bayonet Constitution.
February 1 » Thomas A. Edison finishes construction of the first motion picture studio, the Black Maria in West Orange, New Jersey.
February 28 » The USSIndiana, the lead ship of her class and the first battleship in the United States Navy comparable to foreign battleships of the time, is launched.
May 1 » The World's Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago.
July 11 » A revolution led by the liberal general and politician José Santos Zelaya takes over state power in Nicaragua.
July 11 » The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kōkichi Mikimoto.
Day of death December 29, 1937
The temperature on December 29, 1937 was between -2.4 °C and 0.3 °C and averaged -1.3 °C. There was 0.4 mm of rain during 0.9 hours. The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the east-northeast. Source: KNMI
May 12 » The Duke and Duchess of York are crowned as King George VI and Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Westminster Abbey.
May 27 » In California, the Golden Gate Bridge opens to pedestrian traffic, creating a vital link between San Francisco and Marin County, California.
July 5 » Spam, the luncheon meat, is introduced into the market by the Hormel Foods Corporation.
July 8 » Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan sign the Treaty of Saadabad.
December 22 » The Lincoln Tunnel opens to traffic in New York City.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Weening, "Family tree Weening", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-weening/I55665.php : accessed October 5, 2026), "Hendrik Botma (1857-1937)".
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