The temperature on September 9, 1863 was about 13.2 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 79%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 4 » The New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg, Germany.
January 10 » The Metropolitan Railway, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between Paddington and Farringdon, marking the beginning of the London Underground.
February 17 » A group of citizens of Geneva founded an International Committee for Relief to the Wounded, which later became known as the International Committee of the Red Cross.
May 12 » American Civil War: Battle of Raymond: Two divisions of James B. McPherson's XVII Corps turn the left wing of Confederate General John C. Pemberton's defensive line on Fourteen Mile Creek, opening up the interior of Mississippi to the Union Army during the Vicksburg Campaign.
July 4 » American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia withdraws from the battlefield after losing the Battle of Gettysburg, signalling an end to the Confederate invasion of U.S. territory.
December 16 » American Civil War: Joseph E. Johnston replaces Braxton Bragg as commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.
Day of marriage May 14, 1887
The temperature on May 14, 1887 was about 14.1 °C. The air pressure was 70 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 50%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
January 20 » The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Harbor as a naval base.
February 8 » The Dawes Act authorizes the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide it into individual allotments.
April 28 » A week after being arrested by the Prussian Secret Police, French police inspector Guillaume Schnaebelé is released on order of William I, German Emperor, defusing a possible war.
June 8 » Herman Hollerith applies for US patent #395,781 for the 'Art of Compiling Statistics', which was his punched card calculator.
June 23 » The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada creating the nation's first national park, Banff National Park.
July 26 » Publication of the Unua Libro, founding the Esperanto movement.
Day of death November 20, 1937
The average temperature on November 20, 1937 was 4.1 °C. There was 6.4 mm of rain during 1.7 hours. There was 2.2 hours of sunshine (26%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the southwest. Source: KNMI
March 2 » The Steel Workers Organizing Committee signs a collective bargaining agreement with U.S. Steel, leading to unionization of the United States steel industry.
April 1 » Spanish Civil War: Jaén, Spain is bombed by German fascist forces, supporting Francoist Nationalists.
June 30 » The world's first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London.
August 2 » The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, the effect of which is to render marijuana and all its by-products illegal.
September 21 » J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit is published.
December 16 » Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe attempt to escape from the American federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay; neither is ever seen again.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hans Weening, "Family tree Weening", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-weening/I148344.php : accessed February 23, 2026), "Louwe Smids (1863-1937)".
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