The temperature on March 11, 1865 was about 4.6 °C. The air pressure was 6.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 70%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 31 » American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery and submits it to the states for ratification.
March 29 » American Civil War: Federal forces under Major General Philip Sheridan move to flank Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee as the Appomattox Campaign begins.
April 6 » American Civil War: The Battle of Sailor's Creek: Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights and loses its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia during the Appomattox Campaign.
April 14 » U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward and his family are attacked at home by Lewis Powell.
April 26 » American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina. Also the date of Confederate Memorial Day for two states.
July 14 » First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.
Day of marriage May 11, 1887
The temperature on May 11, 1887 was about 10.2 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 84%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
February 2 » In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania the first Groundhog Day is observed.
April 28 » A week after being arrested by the Prussian Secret Police, French police inspector Guillaume Schnaebelé is released on order of William I, German Emperor, defusing a possible war.
June 23 » The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada creating the nation's first national park, Banff National Park.
July 6 » David Kalākaua, monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, is forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution, which transfers much of the king's authority to the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
October 1 » Balochistan is conquered by the British Empire.
November 9 » The United States receives rights to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Day of death November 8, 1909
The temperature on November 8, 1909 was between 0.9 °C and 10.9 °C and averaged 6.0 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. There was 7.2 hours of sunshine (78%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
January 16 » Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole.
March 4 » U.S. President William Taft used what became known as a Saxbe fix, a mechanism to avoid the restriction of the U.S. Constitution's Ineligibility Clause, to appoint Philander C. Knox as U.S. Secretary of State.
April 27 » Sultan of Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V.
June 26 » The Science Museum in London comes into existence as an independent entity.
July 16 » Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar is forced out as Shah of Persia and is replaced by his son Ahmad Shah Qajar.
September 7 » Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, becoming the first aviator in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Rob Vredeling, "Family tree Vredeling", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-vredeling/I457.php : accessed January 25, 2026), "Geertruida Catrina Kraaikamp (1865-1909)".
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