The temperature on August 2, 1831 was about 20.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east-southeast. Weather type: zeer half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
July 4 » Samuel Francis Smith writes "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
August 23 » Nat Turner's slave rebellion is suppressed.
August 29 » Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction.
September 8 » William IV and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen are crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
October 29 » Riots in the city of Bristol as part of the 1831 reform riots against the second reform Bill of the Reform Act 1832 begin.
October 30 » Nat Turner is arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history.
Day of marriage November 8, 1861
The temperature on November 8, 1861 was about 3.5 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
February 18 » With Italian unification almost complete, Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia assumes the title of King of Italy.
March 20 » An earthquake destroys Mendoza, Argentina.
April 6 » First performance of Arthur Sullivan's debut success, his suite of incidental music for The Tempest, leading to a career that included the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas.
April 13 » American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces.
July 26 » American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
September 17 » Argentine Civil Wars: The State of Buenos Aires defeats the Argentine Confederation at the Battle of Pavón.
Day of death September 18, 1898
The temperature on September 18, 1898 was about 26.9 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 64%. Source: KNMI
April 25 » Spanish–American War: The United States declares war on Spain.
July 8 » The death of crime boss Soapy Smith, killed in the Shootout on Juneau Wharf, releases Skagway, Alaska from his iron grip.
August 13 » Spanish–American War: Spanish and American forces engage in a mock battle for Manila, after which the Spanish commander surrendered in order to keep the city out of Filipino rebel hands.
August 25 » Seven hundred Greek civilians, 17 British guards and the British Consul of Crete are killed by a Turkish mob in Heraklion, Greece.
September 18 » The Fashoda Incident triggers the last war scare between Britain and France.
October 1 » The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.
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The Family tree Van Willigen publication was prepared by Rob van Willigen (contact is not possible).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Rob van Willigen, "Family tree Van Willigen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-van-willigen/I6156.php : accessed February 5, 2026), "Aart Kaldenberg (Kaltenberg) (1831-1898)".
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