The temperature on November 18, 1856 was about 2.5 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the southwest. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
January 29 » Queen Victoria issues a Warrant under the Royal sign-manual that establishes the Victoria Cross to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War.
March 30 » The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War.
May 21 » Lawrence, Kansas is captured and burned by pro-slavery forces.
June 9 » Five hundred Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa for the Mormon Trail.
October 8 » The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident.
December 9 » The Iranian city of Bushehr surrenders to occupying British forces.
Day of death January 2, 1939
The temperature on January 2, 1939 was between 1.1 °C and 4.7 °C and averaged 3.2 °C. There was 1.9 mm of rain during 1.6 hours. The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from June 24, 1937 to July 25, 1939 the cabinet Colijn IV, with Dr. H. Colijn (ARP) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from July 25, 1939 to August 10, 1939 the cabinet Colijn V, with Dr. H. Colijn (ARP) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 10, 1939 to September 3, 1940 the cabinet De Geer II, with Jonkheer mr. D.J. de Geer (CHU) as prime minister.
January 13 » The Black Friday bushfires burn 20,000 square kilometers of land in Australia, claiming the lives of 71 people.
August 15 » The Wizard of Oz premieres at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles, California.
September 1 » The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date.
September 2 » World War II: Following the start of the invasion of Poland the previous day, the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) is annexed by Nazi Germany.
September 30 » NBC broadcasts the first televised American football game.
December 17 » World War II: Battle of the River Plate: The Admiral Graf Spee is scuttled by Captain Hans Langsdorff outside Montevideo.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Herman van Raaphorst, "Family tree Hermanus Johannes van Raaphorst", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-van-raaphorst/R128.php : accessed January 31, 2026), "Nicolaas van Raaphorst (1856-1939)".
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