The temperature on July 23, 1868 was about 18.0 °C. The air pressure was 13 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 72%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
January 27 » Boshin War: The Battle of Toba–Fushimi begins, between forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and pro-Imperial factions; it will end in defeat for the shogunate, and is a pivotal point in the Meiji Restoration.
March 1 » The Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity is founded at the University of Virginia.
March 23 » The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.
August 13 » The 8.5–9.0 Mw Arica earthquake struck southern Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing 25,000+ deaths and a destructive basin wide tsunami that affected Hawaii and New Zealand.
November 3 » John Willis Menard (R-Louisiana) was the first African American elected to the United States Congress. Because of an electoral challenge, he was never seated.
December 10 » The first traffic lights are installed, outside the Palace of Westminster in London. Resembling railway signals, they use semaphore arms and are illuminated at night by red and green gas lamps.
Day of marriage November 7, 1895
The temperature on November 7, 1895 was about 11.9 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 94%. Source: KNMI
January 12 » The National Trust is founded in the United Kingdom.
March 19 » Auguste and Louis Lumière record their first footage using their newly patented cinematograph.
April 6 » Oscar Wilde is arrested in the Cadogan Hotel, London, after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.
June 11 » Paris–Bordeaux–Paris, sometimes called the first automobile race in history or the "first motor race", takes place.
September 18 » The Atlanta Exposition Speech on race relations is delivered by Booker T. Washington.
November 28 » The first American automobile race takes place over the 54 miles from Chicago's Jackson Park to Evanston, Illinois. Frank Duryea wins in approximately 10 hours.
Day of death February 25, 1946
The temperature on February 25, 1946 was between -5.5 °C and 4.5 °C and averaged -0.4 °C. There was 0.5 mm of rain during 0.3 hours. There was 5.9 hours of sunshine (56%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
From June 24, 1945 till July 3, 1946 the Netherlands had a cabinet Schermerhorn - Drees with the prime ministers Prof. ir. W. Schermerhorn (VDB) and W. Drees (PvdA).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 3, 1946 to August 7, 1948 the cabinet Beel I, with Dr. L.J.M. Beel (KVP) as prime minister.
February 12 » World War II: Operation Deadlight ends after scuttling 121 of 154 captured U-boats.
March 2 » Ho Chi Minh is elected the President of North Vietnam.
May 4 » In San Francisco Bay, U.S. Marines from the nearby Treasure Island Naval Base stop a two-day riot at Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. Five people are killed in the riot.
July 15 » State of North Borneo, today in Sabah, Malaysia, annexed by the United Kingdom.
August 1 » Leaders of the Russian Liberation Army, a force of Russian prisoners of war that collaborated with Nazi Germany, are executed in Moscow, Soviet Union for treason.
October 1 » Nazi leaders are sentenced at the Nuremberg trials.
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The Family tree Van Leeuwen publication was prepared by L.H.van Leeuwen (contact is not possible).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: L.H.van Leeuwen, "Family tree Van Leeuwen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-van-leeuwen/I955.php : accessed May 9, 2025), "Martinus Kraan (1868-1946)".
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