The temperature on February 13, 1845 was about -2 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: betrokken dampig. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 29 » "The Raven" is published in The Evening Mirror in New York, the first publication with the name of the author, Edgar Allan Poe.
March 1 » United States President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
March 11 » Flagstaff War: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hone Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororareka, New Zealand.
March 13 » Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto receives its première performance in Leipzig with Ferdinand David as soloist.
October 10 » In Annapolis, Maryland, the Naval School (later the United States Naval Academy) opens with 50 students.
December 2 » Manifest destiny: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President James K. Polk proposes that the United States should aggressively expand into the West.
Day of marriage August 21, 1878
The temperature on August 21, 1878 was about 18.7 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 62%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 3 » The Russo-Turkish War ends with Bulgaria regaining its independence from the Ottoman Empire according to the Treaty of San Stefano.
March 15 » Restoration of the Scottish Catholic hierarchy, broken off back in 1603.
July 1 » Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
October 22 » The Bramall Lane stadium sees the first rugby match played under floodlights.
November 17 » First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg.
December 18 » The Al-Thani family become the rulers of the state of Qatar.
Day of death July 25, 1885
The temperature on July 25, 1885 was about 21.3 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 72%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
January 3 » Sino-French War: Beginning of the Battle of Núi Bop
February 21 » The newly completed Washington Monument is dedicated.
May 2 » Cree and Assiniboine warriors win the Battle of Cut Knife, their largest victory over Canadian forces during the North-West Rebellion.
July 23 » President Ulysses S. Grant dies of throat cancer.
September 12 » Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord, a world record scoreline in professional Association football.
November 19 » Serbo-Bulgarian War: Bulgarian victory in the Battle of Slivnitsa solidifies the unification between the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia.
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The Family tree Van Leeuwen publication was prepared by L.H.van Leeuwen (contact is not possible).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: L.H.van Leeuwen, "Family tree Van Leeuwen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-van-leeuwen/I2784.php : accessed May 10, 2025), "Machiel Helders (1845-1885)".
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