The temperature on December 7, 1856 was about 12.1 °C. The air pressure was 18 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The atmospheric humidity was 71%. Source: KNMI
This page is only available in Dutch.
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
January 29 » Queen Victoria issues a Warrant under the Royal sign-manual that establishes the Victoria Cross to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War.
May 21 » Lawrence, Kansas is captured and burned by pro-slavery forces.
May 22 » Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina severely beats Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane in the hall of the United States Senate for a speech Sumner had made regarding Southerners and slavery.
June 9 » Five hundred Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa for the Mormon Trail.
October 8 » The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident.
December 9 » The Iranian city of Bushehr surrenders to occupying British forces.
Day of marriage September 5, 1883
The temperature on September 5, 1883 was about 15.9 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 65%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
August 21 » An F5 tornado strikes Rochester, Minnesota, leading to the creation of the Mayo Clinic.
August 26 » The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa begins its final, paroxysmal, stage.
August 27 » Eruption of Krakatoa: Four enormous explosions destroy the island of Krakatoa and cause years of climate change.
October 20 » Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá province is ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific.
October 22 » The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's Faust.
November 30 » The style of western calendar, Common Era is conveyed to Joseon (Early-Modern Korean kingdom]].
Day of death August 7, 1935
The temperature on August 7, 1935 was between 10.6 °C and 26.2 °C and averaged 18.4 °C. There was 10.9 hours of sunshine (72%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the northwest. Source: KNMI
January 28 » Iceland becomes the first Western country to legalize therapeutic abortion.
March 21 » Shah of Iran Reza Shah Pahlavi formally asks the international community to call Persia by its native name, Iran.
May 27 » New Deal: The Supreme Court of the United States declares the National Industrial Recovery Act to be unconstitutional in A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, (295 U.S. 495).
June 10 » Dr. Robert Smith takes his last drink, and Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio, United States, by him and Bill Wilson.
September 17 » The Niagara Gorge Railroad ceases operations after a rockslide.
December 12 » Lebensborn Project, a Nazi reproduction program, is founded by Heinrich Himmler.
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The Family tree Van Leeuwen publication was prepared by L.H.van Leeuwen (contact is not possible).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: L.H.van Leeuwen, "Family tree Van Leeuwen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-van-leeuwen/I1565.php : accessed May 10, 2025), "Johannes Cornelis Smulders (1856-1935)".
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