The temperature on January 18, 1861 was about -0.3 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 87%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
January 9 » Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.
January 29 » Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state.
April 20 » American Civil War: Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia.
May 24 » American Civil War: Union troops occupy Alexandria, Virginia.
August 5 » American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in 1872).
August 5 » The United States Army abolishes flogging.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Marjo van Leeuwen, "Family tree Van Leeuwen-Van der Speck en vele anderen", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-van-leeuwen-van-der-speck/R5943.php : accessed May 10, 2025), "Joannes "Jan" van der Oest (1802-1861)".
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