January 7 » The first American commercial bank, the Bank of North America, opens.
February 5 » Spanish defeat British forces and capture Menorca.
March 27 » Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
April 9 » American Revolutionary War: Battle of the Saintes begins.
April 19 » John Adams secures the Dutch Republic's recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague, Netherlands becomes the first American embassy.
November 30 » American Revolutionary War: Treaty of Paris: In Paris, representatives from the United States and Great Britain sign preliminary peace articles (later formalized as the 1783 Treaty of Paris).
Day of marriage February 8, 1819
The temperature on February 8, 1819 was about 7.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-northwest. Weather type: omtrent helder. Source: KNMI
This page is only available in Dutch.
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 6 » Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles founds Singapore.
February 19 » British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands and claims them in the name of King George III.
August 7 » Simón Bolívar triumphs over Spain in the Battle of Boyacá.
August 16 » Peterloo Massacre: Seventeen people die and over 600 are injured in cavalry charges at a public meeting at St. Peter's Field, Manchester, England.
December 14 » Alabama becomes the 22nd U.S. state.
December 17 » Simón Bolívar declares the independence of Gran Colombia in Angostura (now Ciudad Bolívar in Venezuela).
Day of death January 1, 1864
The temperature on January 1, 1864 was about -1.4 °C. The air pressure was 14 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 68%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 29 » American Civil War: Kilpatrick–Dahlgren Raid fails: Plans to free 15,000 Union soldiers being held near Richmond, Virginia are thwarted.
April 22 » The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 that mandates that the inscription In God We Trust be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
May 5 » American Civil War: The Battle of the Wilderness begins in Spotsylvania County.
May 7 » American Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.
May 21 » Russia declares an end to the Russo-Circassian War and many Circassians are forced into exile. The day is designated the Circassian Day of Mourning.
September 7 » American Civil War: Atlanta is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Eric Dunbar, "Family tree van Leeuwen-de Gans-ten Hove-Kraaijenveld (Twente & Zuid Holland)", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-van-leeuwen-de-gans-ten-hove-kraaijenveld/I1385.php : accessed May 12, 2025), "Jannes Dreteler (1782-1864)".
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