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Day of marriage September 13, 1843

• The temperature on September 13, 1843 was about 18.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northeast. Weather type: helder. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1843: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.1 million citizens.
  • February 6 » The first minstrel show in the United States, The Virginia Minstrels, opens (Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City).
  • June 17 » The Wairau Affray, the first serious clash of arms between Māori and British settlers in the New Zealand Wars, takes place.
  • August 15 » Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • September 13 » The Greek Army rebels (OS date: September 3) against the autocratic rule of king Otto of Greece, demanding the granting of a constitution.
  • October 16 » William Rowan Hamilton invents quaternions, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.
  • December 16 » The discovery of octonions by John T. Graves, who denoted them with a boldface O, was announced to his mathematician friend William Hamilton, discoverer of quaternions, in a letter on this date.

Day of death March 24, 1905

• The temperature on March 24, 1905 was between 4.0 °C and 14.2 °C and averaged 8.5 °C. There was 3.4 hours of sunshine (27%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the east-southeast. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 1, 1901 to August 16, 1905 the cabinet Kuijper, with Dr. A. Kuijper (AR) as prime minister.
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1905: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 5.5 million citizens.
  • January 26 » The world's largest diamond ever, the Cullinan weighing 3,106.75 carats (0.621350kg), is found at the Premier Mine near Pretoria in South Africa.
  • August 10 » Russo-Japanese War: Peace negotiations begin in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
  • September 23 » Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad treaty", peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.
  • October 26 » King Oscar II recognizes the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden.
  • November 12 » Norway holds a referendum resulting in popular approval of the Storting's decision to authorise the government to make the offer of the throne of the newly independent country.
  • December 11 » A workers' uprising occurs in Kiev, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire), and establishes the Shuliavka Republic.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1888 » Vsevolod Garshin, Russian author (b. 1855)
• 1905 » Jules Verne, French novelist, poet, and playwright (b. 1828)
• 1909 » John Millington Synge, Irish playwright and poet (b. 1871)
• 1915 » Karol Olszewski, Polish chemist, mathematician, and physicist (b. 1846)
• 1915 » Margaret Lindsay Huggins, Anglo-Irish astronomer (b. 1848)
• 1916 » Enrique Granados, Spanish pianist and composer (b. 1867)