The temperature on February 5, 1915 was between 0.5 °C and 8.9 °C and averaged 3.8 °C. There was 7.7 hours of sunshine (83%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south east. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 31 » World War I: Germany is the first to make large-scale use of poison gas in warfare in the Battle of Bolimów against Russia.
February 12 » In Washington, D.C., the first stone of the Lincoln Memorial is put into place.
March 18 » World War I: During the Battle of Gallipoli, three battleships are sunk during a failed British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles.
April 18 » French pilot Roland Garros is shot down and glides to a landing on the German side of the lines during World War I.
May 22 » Three trains collide in the Quintinshill rail disaster near Gretna Green, Scotland, killing 227 people and injuring 246.
September 5 » The pacifist Zimmerwald Conference begins.
Day of marriage March 31, 1937
The temperature on March 31, 1937 was between -1.3 °C and 10.0 °C and averaged 4.9 °C. There was 5.9 hours of sunshine (46%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east. Source: KNMI
March 8 » Spanish Civil War: The Battle of Guadalajara begins.
June 3 » The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson.
July 7 » The Marco Polo Bridge Incident provides the Imperial Japanese Army with a pretext for starting the Second Sino-Japanese War.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: the Basque Army surrenders to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie following the Santoña Agreement.
October 2 » Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of Haitians living in the northwestern region of the Dominican Republic.
October 9 » Murder of 9 Catholic priests in Zhengding, China, who protected the local population from the advancing Japanese army.
Day of death November 18, 2001
The temperature on November 18, 2001 was between 4.6 °C and 9.0 °C and averaged 7.0 °C. There was -0.1 mm of rain. The heavily clouded was. The average windspeed was 1 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the north-northeast. Source: KNMI
January 31 » In the Netherlands, a Scottish court convicts Libyan Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and acquits another Libyan citizen for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988.
April 1 » An EP-3E United States Navy surveillance aircraft collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army Shenyang J-8 fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, China and is detained.
June 28 » Slobodan Milošević is extradited to the ICTY in The Hague to stand trial.
September 4 » Tokyo DisneySea opens to the public as part of the Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
September 14 » Historic National Prayer Service held at Washington National Cathedral for victims of the September 11 attacks. A similar service is held in Canada on Parliament Hill, the largest vigil ever held in the nation's capital.
September 21 » America: A Tribute to Heroes is broadcast by over 35 network and cable channels, raising over $200 million for the victims of the September 11 attacks.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Bob Smith, "Family tree Smith", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-smith/I5465.php : accessed January 8, 2026), "Ludovica Elizabeth Mafficioli del Castelletto (1915-2001)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.