February 7 » Dreyfus affair: Émile Zola is brought to trial for libel for publishing J'Accuse…!.
April 21 » Spanish–American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports. When the U.S. Congress issued a declaration of war on April 25, it declared that a state of war had existed from this date.
June 10 » Spanish–American War: In the Battle of Guantánamo Bay, U.S. Marines begin the American invasion of Spanish-held Cuba.
June 11 » The Hundred Days' Reform, a planned movement to reform social, political, and educational institutions in China, is started by the Guangxu Emperor, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days. (The failed reform led to the abolition of the Imperial examination in 1905.)
August 28 » Caleb Bradham's beverage "Brad's Drink" is renamed "Pepsi-Cola".
September 2 » Battle of Omdurman: British and Egyptian troops defeat Sudanese tribesmen and establish British dominance in Sudan.
Day of death April 11, 1968
The temperature on April 11, 1968 was between -0.9 °C and 8.6 °C and averaged 3.9 °C. There was 9.3 hours of sunshine (68%). The partly clouded was. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
January 21 » Vietnam War: Battle of Khe Sanh: One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins.
February 1 » Vietnam War: The execution of Viet Cong officer Nguyễn Văn Lém by South Vietnamese National Police Chief Nguyễn Ngọc Loan is recorded on motion picture film, as well as in an iconic still photograph taken by Eddie Adams.
August 20 » Cold War: Warsaw Pact troops invade Czechoslovakia, crushing the Prague Spring. East German participation is limited to a few specialists due to memories of the recent war. Only Albania and Romania refuse to participate.
September 2 » Operation OAU begins during the Nigerian Civil War.
December 21 » Apollo program: Apollo 8 is launched from the Kennedy Space Center, placing its crew on a lunar trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.
December 25 » Apollo program: Apollo 8 performs the first successful Trans-Earth injection (TEI) maneuver, sending the crew and spacecraft on a trajectory back to Earth from Lunar orbit.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Bob Smith, "Family tree Smith", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-smith/I3937.php : accessed February 24, 2026), "Cornelis Gerhardus Esser (1898-1968)".
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