The temperature on March 12, 1851 was about 7.2 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 75%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 1, 1849 to April 19, 1853 the cabinet Thorbecke I, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 11 » The first performance of Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Venice.
April 2 » Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand.
November 14 » Moby-Dick, a novel by Herman Melville, is published in the USA.
December 8 » Conservative Santiago-based government troops defeat rebels at the Battle of Loncomilla, signaling the end of the 1851 Chilean Revolution.
December 22 » India's first freight train is operated in Roorkee, India.
December 24 » The Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., burns.
Day of marriage February 8, 1877
The temperature on February 8, 1877 was about 5.7 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 8 » Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle against the United States Cavalry at Wolf Mountain, Montana Territory.
February 20 » Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake receives its premiere at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.
June 20 » Alexander Graham Bell installs the world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
July 10 » The then-villa of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, formally receives its city charter from the Royal Crown of Spain.
November 24 » Anna Sewell's animal welfare novel Black Beauty is published.
December 10 » Russo-Turkish War: The Russian Army captures Plevna after a 5-month siege. The garrison of 25,000 surviving Turks surrenders. The Russian victory is decisive for the outcome of the war and the Liberation of Bulgaria.
Day of death January 26, 1886
The temperature on January 26, 1886 was about 5.1 °C. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 86%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
May 8 » Pharmacist John Pemberton first sells a carbonated beverage named "Coca-Cola" as a patent medicine.
June 26 » Henri Moissan isolated elemental Fluorine for the first time.
July 3 » Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, the first purpose-built automobile.
July 3 » The New-York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating typesetting by hand.
September 4 » American Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo, with his remaining warriors, surrenders to General Nelson Miles in Arizona.
October 28 » President Cleveland dedicates the Statue of Liberty.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Bob Smith, "Family tree Smith", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-smith/I27807.php : accessed January 25, 2026), "Catharina Maria Henderika Pieck (1851-1886)".
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