The temperature on October 9, 1891 was about 14.7 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 21, 1888 to August 21, 1891 the cabinet Mackay, with Mr. A. baron Mackay (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
March 10 » Almon Strowger patents the Strowger switch, a device which led to the automation of telephone circuit switching.
May 15 » Pope Leo XIII defends workers' rights and property rights in the encyclical Rerum novarum, the beginning of modern Catholic social teaching.
July 26 » France annexes Tahiti.
October 1 » Stanford University opens its doors in California, United States.
October 28 » The Mino–Owari earthquake is the largest inland earthquake in Japan's history.
December 22 » Asteroid 323 Brucia becomes the first asteroid discovered using photography.
Day of death July 7, 1943
The temperature on July 7, 1943 was between 8.6 °C and 17.9 °C and averaged 13.6 °C. There was 5.9 mm of rain during 0.9 hours. There was 8.2 hours of sunshine (50%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
February 20 » American movie studio executives agree to allow the Office of War Information to censor movies.
August 1 » World War II: Operation Tidal Wave also known as "Black Sunday", was a failed American attempt to destroy Romanian oil fields.
August 17 » World War II: The Royal Air Force begins Operation Hydra, the first air raid of the Operation Crossbow strategic bombing campaign against Germany's V-weapon program.
September 14 » World War II: The Wehrmacht starts a three-day retaliatory operation targeting several Greek villages in the region of Viannos, whose death toll would eventually exceed 500 persons.
November 6 » The 1st Ukrainian Front, led by general Nikolai Vatutin, liberates Kyiv from fascist occupation.
November 20 » World War II: Battle of Tarawa (Operation Galvanic) begins: United States Marines land on Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands and suffer heavy fire from Japanese shore guns and machine guns.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Bob Smith, "Family tree Smith", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-smith/I25342.php : accessed January 22, 2026), "Johanna Wilhelmina Ligtvoet (1891-1943)".
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